pH-dependent concatenation of an inorganic complex results in solid state helix formation.

Growth of the library of tetraaza macrocyclic pyridinophane ligands is a result of the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases by binding unregulated redox active metal-ions, scavenging radicals, and reducing oxidative stress. As part of this work, the copper complex of (3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo[9.3.

Synthesis of 12-Membered Tetra-aza Macrocyclic Pyridinophanes Bearing Electron-Withdrawing Groups.

The number of substituted pyridine pyridinophanes found in the literature is limited due to challenges associated with 12-membered macrocycle and modified pyridine synthesis. Most notably, the electrophilic character at the 4-position of pyridine in pyridinophanes presents a unique challenge for introducing electrophilic chemical groups. Likewise, of the few reported, most substituted pyridine pyridinophanes in the literature are limited to electron-donating functionalities.