Examining the effects of cigarette smoke on mouse lens through a multi OMIC approach.

Here, we report a multi OMIC (transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome) approach to investigate molecular changes in lens fiber cells (FC) of mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Pregnant mice were placed in a whole-body smoke chamber and a few days later pups were born, which were exposed to CS for 5 hours/day, 5 days/week for a total of 3½ months. We examined the mice exposed to CS for CS-related cataractogenesis after completion of the CS exposure but no cataracts were observed.

Metabolomics in Placental Tissue from Women Living with HIV.

It is unknown whether antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in women living with HIV (WLHIV) are associated with mitochondrial toxicity and altered fat oxidation and branched-chain amino acid metabolism in the placenta and fetus. Immediately after delivery, we froze placental biopsies from 20 WLHIV and 20 matched uninfected women. We analyzed global biochemical profiles using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Adaptive Evolution of the GDH2 Allosteric Domain Promotes Gliomagenesis by Resolving IDH1-Induced Metabolic Liabilities.

Hotspot mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 () gene occur in a number of human cancers and confer a neomorphic enzyme activity that catalyzes the conversion of α-ketoglutarate (αKG) to the oncometabolite D-(2)-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG). In malignant gliomas, IDH1 expression induces widespread metabolic reprogramming, possibly requiring compensatory mechanisms to sustain the normal biosynthetic requirements of actively proliferating tumor cells. We used genetically engineered mouse models of glioma and quantitative metabolomics to investigate IDH1-dependent metabolic reprogramming and its potential to induce biosynthetic liabilities that can be exploited for glioma therapy.

The calcium-stimulated lipid A 3-O deacylase from Rhizobium etli is not essential for plant nodulation.

The lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide from the nitrogen-fixing plant endosymbiont, Rhizobium etli, is structurally very different from that found in most enteric bacteria. The lipid A from free-living R. etli is structurally heterogeneous and exists as a mixture of species which are either pentaacylated or tetraacylated.

Assessment of the contribution of NAD(P)H-dependent quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) to the reduction of vitamin K in wild-type and NQO1-deficient mice.

NQO1 [NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1; also known as DT-diaphorase] is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyses the two-electron reduction of various quinones including vitamin K. The enzyme may play a role in vitamin K metabolism by reducing vitamin K to vitamin K hydroquinone for utilization in the post-translational γ-glutamyl carboxylation reactions required by several proteins involved in blood coagulation. The aim of the present study was to assess the contribution of NQO1 to vitamin K reduction and haemostasis in an in vivo model.

The calcium-stimulated lipid A 3-O deacylase from Rhizobium etli is not essential for plant nodulation.

The lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide from the nitrogen-fixing plant endosymbiont, Rhizobium etli, is structurally very different from that found in most enteric bacteria. The lipid A from free-living R. etli is structurally heterogeneous and exists as a mixture of species which are either pentaacylated or tetraacylated.

Escherichia coli mutants that synthesize dephosphorylated lipid A molecules.

The lipid A moiety of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide is a hexaacylated disaccharide of glucosamine that is phosphorylated at the 1 and 4' positions. Expression of the Francisella novicida lipid A 1-phosphatase FnLpxE in E. coli results in dephosphorylation of the lipid A proximal unit.

Altered lipid A structures and polymyxin hypersensitivity of Rhizobium etli mutants lacking the LpxE and LpxF phosphatases.

The lipid A of Rhizobium etli, a nitrogen-fixing plant endosymbiont, displays significant structural differences when compared to that of Escherichia coli. An especially striking feature of R. etli lipid A is that it lacks both the 1- and 4'-phosphate groups.

Discovery of new biosynthetic pathways: the lipid A story.

The outer monolayer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria consists of the lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a glucosamine-based saccharolipid that is assembled on the inner surface of the inner membrane. The first six enzymes of the lipid A pathway are required for bacterial growth and are excellent targets for the development of new antibiotics. Following assembly, the ABC transporter MsbA flips nascent LPS to the periplasmic side of the inner membrane, whereupon additional transport proteins direct it to the outer surface of the outer membrane.