SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 and BA.2 breakthrough infections boost antibody responses to early Omicron subvariants but not BQ.1.1 or XBB.1.5.

Subvariants of the Omicron lineage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) efficiently escape neutralizing antibody responses induced by both vaccination and infection with antigenically distinct variants. Here, we describe the potency and breadth of neutralizing and binding antibody responses against a large panel of variants following an Omicron BA.1 or BA.

SARS-CoV-2-infection- and vaccine-induced antibody responses are long lasting with an initial waning phase followed by a stabilization phase.

It is thought that mRNA-based vaccine-induced immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wanes quickly, based mostly on short-term studies. Here, we analyzed the kinetics and durability of the humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination using >8,000 longitudinal samples collected over a 3-year period in New York City. Upon primary immunization, participants with pre-existing immunity mounted higher antibody responses faster and achieved higher steady-state antibody titers than naive individuals.

Stage IV Colorectal Cancer at Initial Presentation versus Progression during and after Treatment, Differences in Management: Management Differences for Initial Presentation versus Progression of Disease after Initial Treatment.

Stage IV colorectal cancer is a prevalent disease and understanding the appropriate treatment options is important. Medical oncologic treatment remains the mainstay of treatment in cases where curative resection is not possible. Surgical intervention is indicated if the primary tumor and associated metastases are amenable to curative resection or if obstructive, bleeding, or perforative complications arise from the tumor.

A 52-Year-Old Woman with Abdominal Pain and Vomiting.

A 52-Year-Old Woman with Abdominal Pain and VomitingA 52-year-old woman presented for evaluation of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting after consuming a large calzone. How do you approach the evaluation, and what is the diagnosis?

Seasonal and Geographic Variation in Peptic Ulcer Disease and Associated Complications in the United States of America.

Background: Hospitalization for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has been described outside of North America as peaking in the fall and winter. However, no recent literature has so far investigated the seasonal fluctuations and complications of PUD in the USA. Cross-sectional population database review.

Seasonal Variations and Factors that Influence Diverticular Bleeding in the United States of America.

Background: Seasonal variation in hospitalizations for diverticulitis has a sinusoidal pattern, peaking in summer. Little is known about seasonal, regional trends, and risk factors associated with hospital admissions regarding diverticular bleeding in the United States.

Study Design: Cross-sectional population database review using the healthcare cost and utilization project's national inpatient sample.

Associations of maternal preterm birth with subsequent risk for type 2 diabetes in women from the women's health initiative.

Preterm birth has been associated with insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, a hallmark characteristic of type 2 diabetes. However, studies investigating the relationship between a personal history of being born preterm and type 2 diabetes are sparse. We sought to investigate the potential association between a personal history of being born preterm and risk for type 2 diabetes in a racially and ethnically diverse population.

Site of vulnerability on SARS-CoV-2 spike induces broadly protective antibody against antigenically distinct Omicron subvariants.

The rapid evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variants has emphasized the need to identify antibodies with broad neutralizing capabilities to inform future monoclonal therapies and vaccination strategies. Herein, we identified S728-1157, a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) targeting the receptor-binding site (RBS) that was derived from an individual previously infected with WT SARS-CoV-2 prior to the spread of variants of concern (VOCs). S728-1157 demonstrated broad cross-neutralization of all dominant variants, including D614G, Beta, Delta, Kappa, Mu, and Omicron (BA.

COVID-19 and U.S. Disputes Over Authority, 2020-2021: Implications for the Constructionist Analysis of Social Problems.

COVID-19 is very different from the cases typically studied by constructionist analysts of social problems: it emerged quickly, spread widely, and affected many aspects of social life. As such, it offers important opportunities to reconsider the constructionist model. We focus on three issues-metrics, masks, and vaccines-where COVID-19 disputes about authority led to different alliances among several categories of claimsmakers.

Birthweight and subsequent risk for thyroid and autoimmune conditions in postmenopausal women.

The objective of this study was to determine the association between birthweight and risk of thyroid and autoimmune conditions in a large sample of postmenopausal women. Baseline data from the Women's Health Initiative (n = 80,806) were used to examine the associations between birthweight category (<6 lbs., 6-7 lbs.

Medical emergencies on a medium-sized urban university campus with collegiate-based EMS.

This study aimed to identify the types and frequency of acute medical events at a university with a collegiate-based emergency medical services (CBEMS) agency. Patients who requested assistance from the studied CBEMS agency, which provides emergency medical services coverage at a medium-sized urban university. This retrospective chart review examined requests for emergency service from August 2010-July 2017.

Implementation of an Alcohol Medical Amnesty Policy at an Urban University With a Collegiate-Based Emergency Medical Services Agency.

Purpose: Medical amnesty policies (MAPs) at universities attempt to encourage students to seek emergency medical care by reducing disciplinary sanctions. This study analyzed how a MAP affected requests for emergency medical help to a collegiate-based emergency medical services (CBEMS) agency for alcohol-related issues.

Methods: This before-and-after study analyzed CBEMS call data for the 6 semesters prior to and after MAP implementation.

Evaluation of polarization rotation in the scattering responses from individual semiconducting oxide nanorods.

We investigate the interaction of visible light with the solid matters of semiconducting oxide nanorods (NRs) of zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (ITO), and zinc tin oxide (ZTO) at the single nanomaterial level. We subsequently identify an intriguing, material-dependent phenomenon of optical rotation in the electric field oscillation direction of the scattered light by systematically controlling the wavelength and polarization direction of the incident light, the NR tilt angle, and the analyzer angle. This polarization rotation effect in the scattered light is repeatedly observed from the chemically pure and highly crystalline ZnO NRs, but absent on the chemically doped NR variants of ITO and ZTO under all measurement circumstances.

NCCAM/NCI Phase 1 Study of Mistletoe Extract and Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: European Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) extracts (mistletoe) are commonly used for cancer treatment in Europe. This phase I study of gemcitabine (GEM) and mistletoe in advanced solid cancers (ASC) evaluated: (1) safety, toxicity, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD), (2) absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery, (3) formation of mistletoe lectin antibodies (ML ab), (4) cytokine plasma concentrations, (5) clinical response, and (6) pharmacokinetics of GEM.

Mechanistic and Treatment Implications of DeltaNp63 Expression in a Rare Case of Metastatic Hidradenocarcinoma.

Hidradenocarcinomas are rare, aggressive adnexal tumors of sweat gland origin that demonstrate a high potential for local recurrence, metastasis and poor outcome. These neoplasms can derive from preexisting clear cell hidradenomas, but more commonly appear de novo with the molecular events responsible for the pathogenesis currently unknown. Molecular markers of pathogenesis as well as effective forms of adjuvant chemotherapy are missing due to the lack of accurate diagnosis, paucity of cases and confusion with other visceral solid tumors.

Necrotizing enterocolitis in neutropenia and chemotherapy: a clinical update and old lessons relearned.

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) must be recognized in patients with fever, neutropenia, and abdominal pain. Classically, NE has been described in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with intensive chemotherapy. Current interest in NE has increased due to recent cases associated with newer, more intensive chemotherapy in solid tumors.

A phase I pharmacologic and pharmacogenetic trial of sequential 24-hour infusion of irinotecan followed by leucovorin and a 48-hour infusion of fluorouracil in adult patients with solid tumors.

Purpose: In preclinical studies, sequential exposure to irinotecan (CPT-11) then fluorouracil (5-FU) is superior to concurrent exposure or the reverse sequence; a 24-hour infusion of CPT-11 may be better tolerated than shorter infusions.

Experimental Design: CPT-11 was first given at four levels (70-140 mg/m(2)/24 hours), followed by leucovorin 500 mg/m(2)/0.5 hours and 5-FU 2,000 mg/m(2)/48 hours on days 1 and 15 of a 4-week cycle.

Mistletoe and gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer: a model for the phase I study of botanicals and botanical-drug interactions in cancer therapy.

Plant extracts of the European mistletoe (MTE), Viscum album, the most widely used cancer treatment in Germany, have been used in European countries as sole intervention or as adjunct to conventional cancer therapies for more than 80 years. Preclinical data suggest immunostimulatory and cytotoxic effects of MTE. While the clinical efficacy of MTE in cancer is being investigated, toxicity and potential interactions of MTE with standard chemotherapeutic agents are unknown.

A phase I and pharmacologic study of weekly gemcitabine in combination with infusional 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and oral calcium leucovorin.

Purpose: Since preclinical studies have shown more than additive cytotoxicity and DNA damage with the combination of gemcitabine and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUDR), we studied this combination in a phase I trial.

Methods: Gemcitabine alone was given in cycle 1 as a 24-h, 2-h or 1-h i.v.

Dose-escalating and pharmacological study of oxaliplatin in adult cancer patients with impaired renal function: a National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group Study.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine the toxicities, pharmacokinetics, and maximum tolerated doses of oxaliplatin in patients with renal impairment and to develop formal guidelines for oxaliplatin dosing in this patient population.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-seven adult cancer patients with variable renal function received intravenous oxaliplatin at 60 to 130 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Patients were stratified by 24-hour creatinine clearance (CrCL) into four cohorts: group A (controls, CrCL > or =60 mL/min), group B (mild dysfunction, CrCL 40 to 59 mL/min), group C (moderate dysfunction, CrCL 20 to 39 mL/min), and group D (severe dysfunction, CrCL <20 mL/min).

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of oral eniluracil, fluorouracil and leucovorin given on a weekly schedule.

Purpose: To determine the toxicities and pharmacokinetic effects of eniluracil (EU) given on two weekly dosing schedules with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV).

Methods: A group of 26 patients received a single 24-h i.v.

A phase I pharmacologic and pharmacodynamic study of pyrazoloacridine given as a weekly 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion in adult cancer patients.

Purpose: Pyrazoloacridine (PZA) is an investigational nucleic acid binding agent that inhibits the activity of topoisomerases I and II through a mechanism distinct from other topoisomerase poisons. PZA shows schedule-independent cytotoxicity against tumor cells, whereas host toxicity is greater with shorter infusions. We assessed the clinical toxicities and pharmacologic effects of PZA given as a 24-h i.