The Role of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluating Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Partially-Blinded Retrospective Study of a Prostatectomy Patient Cohort With Whole Gland Histopathology Correlation and Application of PI-RADS or TNM Staging.

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the current Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) is considered optional, with primary scoring based on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).

Salvage treatments after focal therapy for prostate cancer - a comprehensive review.

Objective: To review the literature on salvage treatments after focal therapy (FT) for prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials And Methods: A non-systematic literature review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to March 15, 2024, for studies that assessed salvage treatment outcomes in patients with recurrent PCa after primary FT. Original prospective and retrospective studies with more than 10 patients were included.

ProsTAV, a clinically useful test in prostate cancer: an extension study.

Purpose: To assess the clinical performance of ProsTAV, a blood-based test based on telomere associate variables (TAV) measurement, to support biopsy decision-making when diagnosing suspicious prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: Preliminary data of a prospective observational pragmatic study of patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels 3-10 ng/ml and suspicious PCa. Results were combined with other clinical data, and all patients underwent prostate biopsies according to each center's routine clinical practice, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before the prostate biopsy was optional.

Superstition in Surgery: A Population-Based Cohort Study to Assess the Association Between Surgery on Friday the 13th and Postoperative Outcomes.

Objective: We sought to examine whether the outcomes of patients who receive a surgical procedure on Friday the 13th differ from patients who receive surgery on flanking Fridays.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that increased anxiety from the provider or patient around the time of surgery can lead to worse outcomes. Superstitious patients often express significant concern and anxiety when undergoing a surgical procedure on Friday the 13th.

Capturing relationships between suturing sub-skills to improve automatic suturing assessment.

Suturing skill scores have demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for patient functional recovery. The suturing can be broken down into several substep components, including needle repositioning, needle entry angle, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been explored to automate suturing skill scoring.

Quantification of collagen content and stromal cellularity within reactive stroma is predictive of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence and specific death.

Semiquantitative reactive stromal grading has been shown to be a predictor of biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer (PCa) specific death. It has been extensively validated. In this study we tested novel technologies to introduce quantitative measures of host response, in particular collagen content and stromal cellularity.

Postoperative Discharge Destination Impacts 30-Day Outcomes: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Multi-Specialty Surgical Cohort Analysis.

Surgical patients can be discharged to a variety of facilities which vary widely in intensity of care. Postoperative readmissions have been found to be more strongly associated with post-discharge events than pre-discharge complications, indicating the importance of discharge destination. We sought to evaluate the association between discharge destination and 30-day outcomes.

Comparative real-world survival outcomes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bladder-only vs. whole-pelvis concurrent chemoradiation.

Introduction: Elective pelvic nodal irradiation for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) undergoing trimodal therapy (TMT ) is controversial. In patients with node-negative (N0) MIBC, the benefit of elective whole-pelvis concurrent chemoradiation (WP-CCR) compared to bladder-only (BO )-CCR has not been demonstrated. Using real-world data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB ), we sought to compare the overall survival (OS ) between BO-CCR and WP-CCR for MIBC.

Glomerular hyperfiltration is an independent predictor of postoperative outcomes: A NSQIP multi-specialty surgical cohort analysis.

Aim: While high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has been associated with increased overall mortality, its effect on postoperative outcomes is relatively understudied. We sought to investigate the association between high eGFR and 30-day postoperative outcomes using a multi-specialty surgical cohort.

Methods: Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we selected adult for whom eGFR could be calculated using the 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.

A Multi-institution Study on the Association of Virtual Reality Skills with Continence Recovery after Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) simulators are increasingly being used for surgical skills training. It is unclear what skills are best improved via VR, translate to live surgical skills, and influence patient outcomes.

Objective: To assess surgeons in VR and live surgery using a suturing assessment tool and evaluate the association between technical skills and a clinical outcome.

A vision transformer for decoding surgeon activity from surgical videos.

The intraoperative activity of a surgeon has substantial impact on postoperative outcomes. However, for most surgical procedures, the details of intraoperative surgical actions, which can vary widely, are not well understood. Here we report a machine learning system leveraging a vision transformer and supervised contrastive learning for the decoding of elements of intraoperative surgical activity from videos commonly collected during robotic surgeries.

A multi-institutional study using artificial intelligence to provide reliable and fair feedback to surgeons.

Background: Surgeons who receive reliable feedback on their performance quickly master the skills necessary for surgery. Such performance-based feedback can be provided by a recently-developed artificial intelligence (AI) system that assesses a surgeon's skills based on a surgical video while simultaneously highlighting aspects of the video most pertinent to the assessment. However, it remains an open question whether these highlights, or explanations, are equally reliable for all surgeons.

Morbidity and mortality of multivisceral resection with radical nephrectomy for locally advanced renal cell carcinoma: An analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.

Introduction: Locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can rarely invade into adjacent abdominal viscera without clinical evidence of distant metastases. The role of multivisceral resection (MVR) of involved adjacent organs at the time of radical nephrectomy (RN) remains poorly described and quantified. Using a national database, we aimed to evaluate the association between RN+MVR and 30-day postoperative complications.

Comparative real-world survival outcomes of metastatic papillary and clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination therapy.

Introduction: While there are a plethora of studies supporting novel treatment approaches in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), much of the data used to inform care of patients with metastatic papillary RCC (pRCC) is extrapolated from ccRCC. Several recent phase III trials have supported the use of immunotherapy (IO) and targeted therapy (TT)+IO in ccRCC, without corresponding data for pRCC. Using ccRCC as a comparison group, we sought to describe real-world trends in the utilization of systemic therapy and its impact on overall survival (OS) among patients with metastatic pRCC.

Open vs. robot-assisted radical cystectomy with extracorporeal or intracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer A pairwise meta-analysis of outcomes and a network meta-analysis of complications.

Introduction: There are no meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing open radical cystectomy (OR C) with robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC), inclusive of both intracorporeal (iRARC) and extracorporeal (hybrid RARC, hRARC) urinary reconstruction.

Methods: MEDL INE, Embase, Scopus, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov registries were searched in May 2022.

Enhanced Succinate Oxidation with Mitochondrial Complex II Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Human Prostate Cancer.

The transformation of prostatic epithelial cells to prostate cancer (PCa) has been characterized as a transition from citrate secretion to citrate oxidation, from which one would anticipate enhanced mitochondrial complex I (CI) respiratory flux. Molecular mechanisms for this transformation are attributed to declining mitochondrial zinc concentrations. The unique metabolic properties of PCa cells have become a hot research area.

Localized prostate cancer: An analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Breast and Prostate Cancer Data Quality and Patterns of Care study (CDC PoC-BP).

Introduction: Limited evidence exists on the comparative effectiveness of local treatments for prostate cancer (PCa) due to the lack of generalizability. Using granular national data, we sought to examine the association between radical prostatectomy (RP) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment and survival.

Methods: Records were abstracted for localized PCa cases diagnosed in 2004 across seven state registries to identify patients undergoing RP (n=3019) or IMRT (n=667).

Development and validation of a quantitative reactive stroma biomarker (qRS) for prostate cancer prognosis.

To develop and validate a new tissue-based biomarker that improves prediction of outcomes in localized prostate cancer by quantifying the host response to tumor. We use digital image analysis and machine learning to develop a biomarker of the prostate stroma called quantitative reactive stroma (qRS). qRS is a measure of percentage tumor area with a distinct, reactive stromal architecture.

Neuropeptide Y nerve paracrine regulation of prostate cancer oncogenesis and therapy resistance.

Background: Nerves are key factors in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Here, we propose that neuropeptide Y (NPY) nerves are key regulators of cancer-nerve interaction.

Methods: We used in vitro models for NPY inhibition studies and subsequent metabolomics, apoptotic and migration assays, and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation studies.

Relation between surgeon age and postoperative outcomes: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Aging may detrimentally affect cognitive and motor function. However, age is also associated with experience, and how these factors interplay and affect outcomes following surgery is unclear. We sought to evaluate the effect of surgeon age on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing common surgical procedures.