Tumor Deposits in Stage III Colon Cancer: Correlation With Other Histopathologic Variables, Prognostic Value, and Risk Stratification-Time to Consider "N2c".

Objectives: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for stage III colon cancer define low-risk versus high-risk patients based on T (1 to 3 vs. 4) and N (1 vs. 2) status, with some variations in treatment.

Juvenile Papillomatosis (Swiss-Cheese Disease) of Breast in an Adult Male With Sequential Diagnoses of Ipsilateral Intraductal, Invasive, and Widely Metastatic Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Disease in Males.

Juvenile papillomatosis of the breast (JPB, also known as Swiss cheese disease) is a rare ailment that typically afflicts young females, and presents as a mass-forming lesion. The lesional mass usually comprises multiple cysts and duct stasis, amid a variety of proliferative and nonproliferative epithelial changes. The proliferative changes include papillary hyperplasia, florid hyperplasia, and papillary apocrine hyperplasia.

Interactions of a Dopamine D1 Receptor Agonist with Glutamate NMDA Receptor Antagonists on the Volitional Consumption of Ethanol by the mHEP Rat.

Stimulation of the dopamine D1 receptor is reported to cause the phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at the thre34 position and activates the protein. If intracellular Ca2+ is increased, such as after activation of the glutamate NMDA receptor, calcineurin activity increases and the phosphates will be removed. This balance of phosphorylation control suggests that a D1 receptor agonist and a NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist should have additive or synergistic actions to increase activated DARPP-32 and consequent behavioral effects.

Expression analysis of MIR182 and its associated target genes in advanced ovarian carcinoma.

BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations are common and the hallmarks of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. We found that MIR182, a negative BRCA1 regulator, is significantly overexpressed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. To examine whether overexpression of MIR182 and its target genes, including BRCA1, HMGA2 (high-mobility group A2), FOXO3 and MTSS1, are associated with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma tumor types and clinical outcome, we studied MIR182 by in situ hybridization and its target gene expression by immunohistochemistry in 117 cases of advanced ovarian cancer.

Incapacitated sexual violence involving alcohol among college women: the impact of a brief drinking intervention.

This study assessed the impact of a motivational interviewing (MI) brief alcohol intervention and prior victimization on alcohol-involved sexual victimization experiences. First-year female college students (N = 229) were randomly assigned to an intervention condition: MI, MI with feedback (MIFB), feedback (FB), and assessment only (AO). Findings indicate reduced alcohol use for all conditions and violence for MIFB, with interactions for prior victimization.

Effects of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist memantine on the volitional consumption of ethanol by alcohol-preferring rats.

Potent N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists decrease volitional consumption of ethanol by rats. This study examined the effects of memantine, a low-affinity, open channel NMDA antagonist, on volitional consumption of ethanol by alcohol-preferring rats and potential locomotor, sedative and hypothermic effects. Volitional consumption of ethanol in a 24-hr two-choice paradigm was determined for male Myers' high-ethanol-preferring (mHEP) rats.

College students' responses to a 5/4 drinking question and maximum blood alcohol concentration calculated from a timeline followback questionnaire.

Objective: Many surveys employed to study college drinking ask whether students have had a five-drink (for men) or four-drink (for women) episode in one sitting at least once during the previous 2 weeks to indicate risky or heavy episodic drinking. However, some researchers have questioned the predictive validity of the 5/4 measure. This study tested whether such students attained extremely high blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) during the previous 30 days.

Effect of DOV 102,677 on the volitional consumption of ethanol by Myers' high ethanol-preferring rat.

Background: Inhibitors of monoamine neurotransmitter transporters are well established as antidepressants. However, the evidence that single (serotonin) or dual (serotonin-norepinephrine) neurotransmitter uptake inhibitors can treat ethanol abuse, either as a comorbidity with depression or as a separate entity, is inconsistent. Drugs that have, in addition, the ability to inhibit dopamine uptake may have an advantage in the treatment of alcohol abuse.

Nicotine increases FosB expression within a subset of reward- and memory-related brain regions during both peri- and post-adolescence.

Introduction: Periadolescent nicotine exposure is associated with increased consumption and rewarding properties of abused drugs. In the case of peri- but not post-adolescent animals, these effects are persistent and last to adulthood, suggesting that early nicotine treatment may alter postnatal CNS development in ways that contribute to long-term problems with drug abuse.

Materials And Methods: To begin to identify brain regions that may be altered by developmental nicotine exposure, we have measured expression of a transcription factor, FosB, within a series of reward- and memory-related brain regions of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Periadolescent nicotine exposure produces sensitization to reinforcement by diazepam in the rat.

Epidemiologic studies establish a relationship between nicotine use by adolescents and a subsequent involvement with drugs of abuse in adulthood. Recent research implicates the periadolescent period as a crucial time in development, during which nicotine use produces persistent adaptations that serve to predispose an individual to substance use. The present investigation evaluated the effects of periadolescent nicotine priming on young adult sensitization to reinforcement by a drug of abuse.

The effect of oral consumption of perchlorate, alone and in combination with ethanol, on plasma thyroid hormone and brain catecholamine concentrations in the rat.

Literature has reported a controversy concerning the effects of the environmental pollutant perchlorate on pertinent physiological systems. However, no research to date has evaluated the effect of concomitant consumption of perchlorate and an additional environmental contaminant on physiological systems. The present preliminary investigation served to assess the effects of oral consumption of perchlorate, alone and in combination with ethanol, on thyroid hormone and brain catecholamine concentrations in female rats of gestational age.

Effects of a metabotropic, mglu5, glutamate receptor antagonist on ethanol consumption by genetic drinking rats.

Aims: To compare the effect of an antagonist of the mGlu5 glutamate receptor, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP) on a test for anxiety and on the volitional consumption of ethanol.

Methods: The test for anxiety was placement of a Sprague-Dawley rat for a 5 min observation period in an elevated plus-maze. Volitional consumption of ethanol in a two-choice paradigm was determined for male and female myers high ethanol-preferring rats after a 10-day 'step-up' test of 3-30% v/v ethanol vs water used to determine each rat's preferred concentration of ethanol.

Periadolescent nicotine exposure causes heterologous sensitization to cocaine reinforcement.

There is increasing concern that abuse of tobacco during periadolescence increases the potential for later abuse of other drugs. To test this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rats received once-daily injections of either water or 0.4 mg/kg nicotine from postnatal day 35 through 44.

Effects of NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist drugs on the volitional consumption of ethanol by a genetic drinking rat.

The ability of drugs that reduce NMDA receptor activity on the volitional consumption of ethanol in the genetic drinking rat, mHEP line, was investigated. After the consumption of ethanol solutions and water by each male or female mHEP rat had stabilized on its preferred concentration, different doses of LY 274614, a competitive NMDA antagonist, MK 801, a non-competitive NMDA antagonist, (+)-HA-966 or ACPC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), antagonists of the glycine site were administered daily for three days. The dose of 3.

Lower fumonisin mycotoxin levels in the grain of Bt corn grown in the United States in 2000-2002.

Fumonisins were monitored in corn grain collected from Bt hybrids grown in 107 locations across the United States in 2000-2002. Bt corn hybrids contain the Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis that controls European corn borers and other stalk-boring pests. Fumonisin levels were frequently lower in grain from Bt hybrids grown in field trials under conditions of natural (FACT trials) or manual insect infestation (university trials).

On the role of monoamine oxidase-A for the maintenance of the volitional consumption of ethanol in two different rat models.

It is hypothesized that although the overall metabolism of ethanol in the brain is very limited, a very small percentage of the brain tissue may carry out that little amount of metabolism. Specifically, hydrogen peroxide may be used as a co-substrate for the metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde by catalase and the action of monoamine oxidase in the monoaminergic neurons would supply the hydrogen peroxide. This production of acetaldehyde may result in the formation of novel metabolites that provide the rewarding stimulus for the consumption of ethanol.

Conditioned taste aversion and the Myers' high-ethanol-preferring rat.

Aims: Male and female Myers' high-ethanol-preferring (mHEP) rats were compared to outbred controls in a taste aversion paradigm.

Methods: Alcohol-naïve rats were adapted to a 2-h access to water. Each rat was given either 0.