Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Sarcopenia: Considerations, Current Insights, and Future Directions.

Sarcopenia poses a significant challenge to public health and can severely impact the quality of life of aging populations. Despite extensive efforts to study muscle degeneration using traditional animal models, there is still a lack of effective diagnostic tools, precise biomarkers, and treatments for sarcopenia. Zebrafish models have emerged as powerful tools in biomedical research, providing unique insights into age-related muscle disorders like sarcopenia.

T cell phenotypes in women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection and influence of treatment on phenotype distributions.

T cell phenotypes involved in the immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) have not been fully elucidated in humans. We evaluated differences in T cell phenotypes between CT-infected women and CT-seronegative controls and investigated changes in T cell phenotype distributions after CT treatment and their association with reinfection. We found a higher expression of T cell activation markers (CD38HLA-DR), T helper type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-associated effector phenotypes (CXCR3CCR5 and CCR4, respectively), and T cell homing marker (CCR7) for both CD4 and CD8 T cells in CT-infected women.

Distinct peripheral vs mucosal T-cell phenotypes in chlamydia-infected women.

Problem: Differences in circulating (peripheral) and mucosal T-cell phenotypes in chlamydia-infected women remain largely unknown.

Method Of Study: Thirteen paired mononuclear cell specimens from blood and cervicovaginal lavages collected from chlamydia-infected women were stained and analyzed using ten-color cell surface flow cytometry for T-cell distribution, activation status, homing, and T helper (Th)-associated chemokine receptors (CKRs).

Results: A higher proportion of genital mucosal T-cells were activated (CD38 HLA-DR ) and expressed CCR5 and Th1-associated CKR CXCR3 CCR5 compared to peripheral T-cells, but a lower proportion of mucosal T-cells expressed homing CKR CCR7, Th-2 associated CKR CCR4, and CXCR3 CCR4 for both T-cell subsets.

The Predominant CD4 Th1 Cytokine Elicited to Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Women Is Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Not Interferon Gamma.

infection is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection and can cause significant reproductive morbidity in women. There is insufficient knowledge of -specific immune responses in humans, which could be important in guiding vaccine development efforts. In contrast, murine models have clearly demonstrated the essential role of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, especially interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-producing CD4 T cells, in protective immunity to chlamydia.