Four-modality imaging of unmedicated subjects with schizophrenia: F-fluorodeoxyglucose and F-fallypride PET, diffusion tensor imaging, and MRI.

Diminished prefrontal function, dopaminergic abnormalities in the striatum and thalamus, reductions in white matter integrity and frontotemporal gray matter deficits are the most replicated findings in schizophrenia. We used four imaging modalities (F-fluorodeoxyglucose and F-fallypride PET, diffusion tensor imaging, structural MRI) in 19 healthy and 25 schizophrenia subjects to assess the relationship between functional (dopamine D/D receptor binding potential, glucose metabolic rate) and structural (fractional anisotropy, MRI) correlates of schizophrenia and their additive diagnostic prediction potential. Multivariate ANOVA was used to compare structural and functional image sets for identification of schizophrenia.

Reading abilities and dopamine D/D receptor availability: An inverted U-shaped association in subjects with schizophrenia.

Reading impairments are prominent trait-like features of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, predictive of overall cognitive functioning and presumably linked to dopaminergic abnormalities. To evaluate this, we used F-fallypride PET in 19 healthy and 21 antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia subjects and correlated dopamine receptor binding potentials in relevant AFNI-derived regions and voxelwise with group performance on WRAT4 single-word reading subtest. Healthy subjects' scores were positively and linearly associated with D/D receptor availability in the rectus, orbital and superior frontal gyri, fusiform and middle temporal gyri, as well as middle occipital gyrus and precuneus, all predominantly in the left hemisphere and previously implicated in reading, hence suggesting that higher dopamine receptor density is cognitively advantageous.

Relationship between white matter glucose metabolism and fractional anisotropy in healthy and schizophrenia subjects.

Decreased fractional anisotropy and increased glucose utilization in the white matter have been reported in schizophrenia. These findings may be indicative of an inverse relationship between these measures of white matter integrity and metabolism. We used F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and diffusion-tensor imaging in 19 healthy and 25 schizophrenia subjects to assess and compare coterritorial correlation patterns between glucose utilization and fractional anisotropy on a voxel-by-voxel basis and across a range of automatically placed representative white matter regions of interest.

Positive association between cerebral grey matter metabolism and dopamine D/D receptor availability in healthy and schizophrenia subjects: An F-fluorodeoxyglucose and F-fallypride positron emission tomography study.

Overlapping decreases in extrastriatal dopamine D/D-receptor availability and glucose metabolism have been reported in subjects with schizophrenia. It remains unknown whether these findings are physiologically related or coincidental. To ascertain this, we used two consecutive F-fluorodeoxyglucose and F-fallypride positron emission tomography scans in 19 healthy and 25 unmedicated schizophrenia subjects.

Addiction Disorder Considerations for Patients Seeking Psychotherapy.

Substance use disorders are widespread and cause significant dysfunction. Substance use disorders often co-occur with other psychiatric disorders. Because of this overlap, clinicians commonly encounter patients at risk for substance abuse disorders.

Dopamine receptor density and white mater integrity: F-fallypride positron emission tomography and diffusion tensor imaging study in healthy and schizophrenia subjects.

Dopaminergic dysfunction and changes in white matter integrity are among the most replicated findings in schizophrenia. A modulating role of dopamine in myelin formation has been proposed in animal models and healthy human brain, but has not yet been systematically explored in schizophrenia. We used diffusion tensor imaging and F-fallypride positron emission tomography in 19 healthy and 25 schizophrenia subjects to assess the relationship between gray matter dopamine D/D receptor density and white matter fractional anisotropy in each diagnostic group.

D2/D3 dopamine receptor binding with [F-18]fallypride correlates of executive function in medication-naïve patients with schizophrenia.

Converging evidence indicates that the prefrontal cortex is critically involved in executive control and that executive dysfunction is implicated in schizophrenia. Reduced dopamine D2/D3 receptor binding potential has been reported in schizophrenia, and the correlations with neuropsychological test scores have been positive and negative for different tasks. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between dopamine D2/D3 receptor levels with frontal and temporal neurocognitive performance in schizophrenia.