Publications by authors named "Brian Lau"
Purpose: To compare arthroscopic Bankart repair versus the open Latarjet procedure at a minimum of 10-year follow-up evaluating recurrence and arthropathy development rates.
Methods: A systematic review was performed in concordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported on the arthroscopic Bankart repair or open Latarjet procedure with a minimum of 10-year follow-up.
The Latarjet procedure is a successful treatment for anterior shoulder instability with less than 5% having redislocations - revision surgery and prior surgery having been shown to be significant risk factors for recurrence. Approximately 90% of athletes return to play after Latarjet, comparable to arthroscopic Bankart repair. Patients may be physically unable to return to play, which may be due to persistent pain, apprehension, or weakness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Superior labral tears are common shoulder injuries among athletes, and for athletes undergoing surgical intervention, one of the main priorities is to return to preinjury levels of activity in a timely manner. However, the literature surrounding return to play after superior labral repair presents inconsistent results, with limited studies evaluating the timing of return to play.
Purpose: To systematically review the rate and timing of return to play in athletes after arthroscopic superior labral repair.
Article Synopsis
- The study systematically reviews and analyzes how smoking affects the outcomes of hip arthroscopy, focusing on conversion rates to total hip arthroplasty and other complications.
- Data from 20 observational studies with over 115,000 patients indicate no significant link between smoking and conversion to total hip arthroplasty, but trends show higher conversion rates among smokers.
- Smoking was significantly associated with postoperative complications such as hip arthroscopy failure, increased opioid use, and infection risk, indicating potential risks for smokers undergoing the procedure.
Background: To systematically review the literature assessing glenoid bone loss restoration by different bone block options and compare their dimensions.
Methods: Systematic examination of articles in PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to find studies of bone grafts for treating anterior glenohumeral instability. Statistical analyses were conducted via Review Manager, and a -value of <0.
Purpose: To report objective measures utilized to assess readiness to return to sport after shoulder instability procedures.
Methods: Our systematic review included studies if they assessed active individuals after a shoulder instability procedure with at least 1 patient-reported outcome or physical performance measure. We excluded studies of atraumatic instability, studies only reporting imaging, or studies of biomechanics.
Background: The risk factors associated with recurrent instability following Latarjet procedure remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to elucidate risk factors contributing to therapeutic failure after the Latarjet procedure.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
Research as an early-career surgeon is challenging. The resources that you had as a trainee are not established yet and it can be difficult to balance while learning to be an effective clinician and surgeon. Starting early, however, before clinical and leadership responsibilities build up is a key to developing a successful research program.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on concomitant repair of superior labral and rotator cuff tears, in light of the paucity of published clinical evidence.
Methods: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses compliant search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed for clinical studies of patients undergoing combined repairs of the rotator cuff and superior labrum.
Results: Ten studies comprising 241 shoulders were included, with a mean age of 52.
Objective: To investigate the effects of directional subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-dDBS) on gait and balance disorders, including freezing of gait (FOG), in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).
Methods: We included 10 participants who underwent STN-DBS and presented severe preoperative FOG, in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. We used segmented DBS electrodes to investigate whether directing the predicted volume of tissue activated (VTA) to overlap the central STN preferentially improved gait and balance disorders compared to directional DBS applied in the more posterior STN (sensorimotor).
Article Synopsis
- Glenohumeral instability involves complex issues related to bony, labral, and capsular tissues, with varying rates of capsular injuries, highlighted by unclear clinical significance.
- A systematic review of studies from 2008 to 2023 found that the inferior glenohumeral ligament injuries were the most common (34.1%), while humeral avulsions were the least common (6.2%).
- The conclusion indicates that while capsular injuries are prevalent in MRI scans of patients with shoulder instability, there's a need for more research to better understand their clinical impacts and rehabilitation methods.
Article Synopsis
- Meniscal injuries are prevalent among young, active individuals, and surgical options like meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) are increasingly being used to address these injuries and restore function.
- A thorough review of literature on MAT was conducted, including 41 studies, where most were rated as having 'Critically Low' to 'Low' confidence; patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) showed positive short-term results, but concerns about study quality were prevalent.
- The review calls for improved research quality, focusing on long-term outcomes, effective surgical techniques, and specific patient criteria to better understand MAT's impact, especially in pediatric populations.
Article Synopsis
- * The study examined how different presentation styles of feedback (FB) affected participants' ability to self-regulate brain activity during a motor imagery task, finding that clearer feedback increased performance.
- * Results indicated that a transparent feedback (like a clenching virtual hand) improved performance compared to abstract feedback (like a pendulum), and a sense of agency played a significant role in this relationship.
Background: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is one of the most common orthopedic procedures in the general population. Despite its prevalence, the price of ARCR varies significantly across regions, hospital models, and settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Geographic Region, Certificate of Need (CON) laws, and Medicaid expansion on ARCR pricing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag (OSPRO-YF) Tool is a 10-item multidimensional screening tool utilized to evaluate pain-related psychological traits in individuals with musculoskeletal pain conditions. The validity of postoperatively collected OSPRO-YF is unclear. This study sought to assess validity of the OSPRO-YF by comparing it to patient-reported outcome scores in both preoperative and postoperative settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hill-Sachs lesions are common after shoulder instability, and treatment options vary but include remplissage or implantation of structural bone graft. Large Hill-Sachs lesions not addressed by remplissage are challenging to manage and may frequently require an open surgical approach for bone filling treatment options. The optimal approach to maximize visualization of the humeral head during these procedures remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Posterior shoulder instability affects about 5% of shoulder instability cases, presenting a diagnostic and treatment challenge, particularly when bone loss occurs in up to 25% of patients.
- Young athletes, particularly football linemen and throwers, often experience symptoms ranging from pain to reduced performance, with diagnosis relying on medical history, physical exams, and imaging techniques.
- Management of posterior glenoid bone loss requires careful consideration, as significant loss may necessitate reconstruction procedures, and ongoing research is essential for improving surgical outcomes and treatment strategies.
Purpose: Meniscal injuries are common in knee surgery and often require preservation techniques to prevent secondary osteoarthritis. Despite advancements in repair techniques, some patients undergo partial meniscectomy, which can lead to postmeniscectomy syndrome. To address these challenges, meniscal substitution techniques like scaffolds have been developed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Response inhibition plays a key role in executive control and affects gait initiation, which the study focused on.
- Researchers examined the effects of proactive and reactive inhibitory control during gait initiation using kinematics and EEG data from 23 healthy adults.
- Findings indicated that uncertainty in the Go condition led to slower reaction times and influenced EEG activity, showcasing the complexity of inhibitory control during gait initiation.
Risk factors for recurrence following arthroscopic Bankart repair: a systematic review.
J Shoulder Elbow Surg
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- A study systematically reviewed literature to identify and quantify risk factors for recurrent instability following arthroscopic Bankart repair, aiming to reach a consensus on these factors.
- The analysis included 111 studies with over 19,000 patients, revealing a higher recurrence rate in younger patients (<20 years) and associations with glenoid bone loss and specific lesion types.
- Findings suggested that factors like age, the presence of an off-track Hill-Sachs lesion, and the number of anchors used in the repair could significantly influence the likelihood of recurrent instability post-surgery.
Background: Posterior shoulder instability makes up approximately 10% of all shoulder instability cases and its diagnosis and treatment is less well understood. Recently, however, there has been increased recognition of posterior instability and posterior stabilization. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to ascertain the outcomes on arthroscopic stabilization of posterior shoulder instability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) is less common than knee and hip OA, with 75-80% of cases resulting from past injuries to the ankle.
- The ankle joint can heal itself to some extent, but injuries can lead to biomechanical and inflammatory issues that trigger posttraumatic OA.
- Treatment focuses on pain relief, with ongoing research into methods that may slow down OA progression, while severe cases often require surgery, with debates around choosing between ankle arthrodesis or total ankle arthroplasty based on patient age and activity level.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the complexities of glenohumeral joint instability, highlighting high surgical failure rates and the unclear role of capsular pathology.
- A systematic review of research from 2008 to 2023 identified 14 articles on glenohumeral capsule measurements in unstable patients, revealing significant variability in measurement techniques.
- The authors emphasize the need for standardized measurement methods to enhance cross-study analysis and improve patient outcomes in the context of glenohumeral instability.
Smoking is a well-known cause of impairment in wound healing and postoperative outcomes; however, its effects on treating meniscus issues remain unclear. This study assesses the relationship between smoking and meniscus treatment outcomes. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 24 December 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF