Shifting employment and perceptions of household responsibilities during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada, USA.

Background: Employment and household responsibility are critical health determinants. The COVID-19 pandemic altered the work and social landscapes in Nevada, USA through closures of workplaces and schools/childcare centers, changing patterns of employment, and household responsibilities. This study aimed to measure changes in employment status and perceived housework responsibilities among Nevada adults in December 2020, before widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines in a pandemic-affected economy.

Longitudinal Changes in Regional Brain Volumes and Cognition of Professional Fighters With Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome.

Background And Objectives: Due to current limitations in diagnosing chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) clinically, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) has been proposed as the clinical presentation of suspected CTE. This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between a clinical diagnosis of TES and subsequent temporal decline in cognitive or MRI volumetric measures.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Professional Athletes Brain Health Study (PABHS), inclusive of active and retired professional fighters older than 34 years.

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Behavior among Hispanics/Latinxs in Nevada: A Theory-Based Analysis.

Hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine has hindered its rapid uptake among the Hispanic and Latinx populations. The study aimed to use the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) for health behavior change to explain the intention of initiating and sustaining the behavior of COVID-19 vaccination among the Hispanic and Latinx populations that expressed and did not express hesitancy towards the vaccine in Nevada. Using a quantitative cross-sectional and survey-based research study design, data were collected using a 50-item questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression modeling.

SARS-CoV-2 surveillance with environmental surface sampling in public areas.

Contaminated surfaces are one of the ways that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be transmitted. SARS-CoV-2 can be detected on environmental surfaces; however, few environmental sampling studies have been conducted in nonclinical settings. The objective of this study was to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA on environmental surfaces in public areas in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Assessing Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Parents of Children Returning to K-12 Schools: A U.S. Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background And Purpose: While impacts of the pandemic on family well-being have been documented in the literature, little is known about the psychological challenges faced by children and their parents as schools reopen after mandated closures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if sending children back to in-person school impacts the mental health of parents and the perceived mental health of their children.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited a nationally representative, non-probability sample of parents or guardians ( = 2100) of children attending grades K-12 in the United States (U.

Assessing Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Nevada.

In December 2020, we conducted a telephone survey to determine what factors are connected to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in Nevada. The survey was based on factors identified in other studies, such as demographic variables (age, race, ethnicity, gender, household income, urbanicity, educational attainment), health status, previous COVID-19 infections, social media engagement, adherence to social distancing guidelines, beliefs about COVID-19, and political ideology identifications. Using a proportional odds model, we compared vaccine hesitancy levels to determine the odds of being more likely versus unlikely to get the COVID-19 vaccine.

Identification of Non-Fatal Opioid Overdose Cases Using 9-1-1 Computer Assisted Dispatch and Prehospital Patient Clinical Record Variables.

The current epidemic of opioid overdoses in the United States necessitates a robust public health and clinical response. We described patterns of non-fatal opioid overdoses (NFOODs) in a small western region using data from the 9-1-1 Computer Assisted Dispatch (CAD) record and electronic Patient Clinical Records (ePCR) completed by EMS responders. We determined whether CAD and ePCR variables could identify NFOOD cases in 9-1-1 data for intervention and surveillance efforts.

School absenteeism is linked to household food insecurity in school catchment areas in Southern Nevada.

Objectives: Food security and school attendance are both important for health, well-being and academic performance of children and adolescents. However, their intersection remains underexamined, especially in the USA. The current study considered the association between elementary school-level absenteeism and household food insecurity.

Cost of chronic inflammatory disease: The impact of eosinophilic esophagitis in Nevada.

Objectives: The cost of treating the rare eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) disease and its impact on patients' quality of life have not been well documented in the literature. This study seeks to fill this gap by comparing the cost of EoE with other well-known inflammatory diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD) and celiac disease (CeD).

Methods: A Mann-Whitney U test and multiple logistic regression were used to examine the cost of EoE in the state of Nevada across all hospital settings and its impact on quality of life compared with CD and CeD.

A description of eosinophilic esophagitis in the Southwestern state of Nevada.

Objectives: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a rare immune-mediated esophageal disorder that has been documented worldwide. Prior to this study, eosinophilic esophagitis had not been described in the Southwestern state of Nevada. Records containing positive eosinophilic esophagitis diagnosis codes were extracted from a large hospital utilization database and yielded over 2,000 records over 5 years (2013-2017).

Post-overdose interventions triggered by calling 911: Centering the perspectives of people who use drugs (PWUDs).

Background: Opioid overdose deaths have increased exponentially in the United States. Bystander response to opioid overdose ideally involves administering naloxone, providing rescue breathing, and calling 911 to summon emergency medical assistance. Recently in the US, public health and public safety agencies have begun seeking to use 911 calls as a method to identify and deliver post-overdose interventions to opioid overdose patients.

Hepatitis C virus infections from unsafe injection practices at an endoscopy clinic in Las Vegas, Nevada, 2007-2008.

Background: In January 2008, 3 persons with acute hepatitis C who all underwent endoscopy at a single facility in Nevada were identified.

Method: We reviewed clinical and laboratory data from initially detected cases of acute hepatitis C and reviewed infection control practices at the clinic where case patients underwent endoscopy. Persons who underwent procedures on days when the case patients underwent endoscopy were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and other bloodborne pathogens.

Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from blood in San Francisco County, California, 1996-1999.

Countywide antibiotic resistance patterns may provide additional information from that obtained from national sampling or individual hospitals. We reviewed susceptibility patterns of selected bacterial strains isolated from blood in San Francisco County from January 1996 to March 1999. We found substantial hospital-to-hospital variability in proportional resistance to antibiotics in multiple organisms.