Salmon patch-associated vitreous hemorrhage in non-proliferative sickle cell retinopathy masquerading as infectious uveitis.

Purpose: To report three cases of non-proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (NPSR) with vitreous hemorrhage masquerading as infectious uveitis.

Observations: Three patients were referred from ophthalmologists to our practices with clinical findings suggestive of infectious uveitis. The first patient was referred for new-onset floaters in both eyes, bilateral vitritis and dome-shaped lesions on B-scan ultrasound.

Patient Concerns Regarding Suspended Ophthalmic Care Due to COVID-19.

Purpose: The temporary cessation and profound changes in ophthalmic care delivery that occurred as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have yet to be fully understood. Our objective is to assess patients' self-reported impact of health care lockdown measures on their fears and anxieties during the crisis period of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.

Methods: We conducted a digital, self-reported, patient care survey distributed by an e-mail at Columbia University's Department of Ophthalmology outpatient faculty practice.

The Challenge of Managing Bilateral Acute Angle-closure Glaucoma in the Presence of Active SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma associated with hyponatremia in the setting of chlorthalidone use and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to demonstrate the challenges of managing this patient given her infectious status.

Methods: This was a case report.

Case: A 65-year-old woman taking chlorthalidone for hypertension presented to the emergency room with headache, pain, and blurry vision in both eyes and was found to be in bilateral acute angle closure.

Late-onset angle closure in pseudophakic eyes with posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

Two patients presented with angle closure many years after cataract extraction. The first patient presented with acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and closed iridocorneal angle that resolved with a laser iridotomy. The second patient presented with an insidious course of high IOP and progressive narrowing of the iridocorneal angle, ultimately requiring a pars plana vitrectomy and glaucoma valve implant, with subsequent normalization of pressure and angle anatomy.

Renal Medullary Carcinoma With Metastasis to the Temporal Fossa and Orbit.

A 22-year-old Hispanic man with sickle cell trait presented with blurred vision, double vision, and pain with OD movement. MRI demonstrated an extra-axial mass centered around the temporal bone with extension into the middle cranial fossa and lateral aspect of the extra-conal right orbit, and mass effect on the lateral rectus muscle. Biopsy of the lesion was consistent with renal medullary carcinoma.

Within-subject assessment of foveal avascular zone enlargement in different stages of diabetic retinopathy using OCT reflectance and OCT angiography.

Enlargement of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) due to progressive capillary nonperfusion is associated with visual deterioration in patients with diabetic retinopathy. The FAZ area has long been considered an important clinical marker of advancing retinopathy. However, a large body of literature shows that the FAZ area varies considerably in healthy eyes, resulting in substantial overlap between controls and diabetics, thus reducing its discriminatory value.

Earliest Evidence of Preclinical Diabetic Retinopathy Revealed Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Perfused Capillary Density.

Purpose: To compare perfused capillary density (PCD) in diabetic patients and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: Forty controls, 36 diabetic subjects without clinical retinopathy (NoDR), 38 with nonproliferative retinopathy (NPDR), and 38 with proliferative retinopathy (PDR) were imaged using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A 3 × 3-mm full-thickness parafoveal OCTA scan was obtained from each participant.

Parafoveal Nonperfusion Analysis in Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To describe a new technique for mapping parafoveal intercapillary areas (PICAs) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and demonstrate its utility for quantifying parafoveal nonperfusion in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Nineteen controls, 15 diabetics with no retinopathy (noDR), 15 with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 15 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were imaged with 10 macular OCTA scans. PICAs were automatically delineated on the averaged superficial OCTA images.

A method for age-matched OCT angiography deviation mapping in the assessment of disease- related changes to the radial peripapillary capillaries.

Purpose: To present a method for age-matched deviation mapping in the assessment of disease-related changes to the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs).

Methods: We reviewed 4.5x4.

Noninvasive Detection of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ocular Hypertension and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To assess mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo in ocular hypertension (OHT) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using retinal metabolic analysis.

Patients And Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study performed from November 2015 to October 2016 at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai. Thirty-eight eyes with varying stages of POAG, 16 eyes with OHT, and 32 control eyes were imaged on a custom fundus camera modified to measure full retinal thickness fluorescence at a wavelength optimized to detect flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF).

Acircularity index and axis ratio of the foveal avascular zone in diabetic eyes and healthy controls measured by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Given the complexity of the current system used to stage diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the risks and limitations associated with intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA), noninvasive quantification of DR severity is desirable. We examined the utility of acircularity index and axis ratio of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), metrics that can noninvasively quantify the severity of diabetic retinopathy without the need for axial length to correct for individual retinal magnification. A retrospective review was performed of type 2 diabetics and age-matched controls imaged with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Peripapillary perfused capillary density in primary openangle glaucoma across disease stage an optical coherence tomography angiography study.

Aims: To assess peripapillary perfused capillary density (PCD) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) across stage of disease.

Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, 60 eyes with varying stages of POAG and 24 control eyes were imaged on a spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography system (AngioVue, Optovue, Fremont, California, USA) generating images centred on the optic nerve head. Major blood vessels were removed using custom automated software.

Visualization of Radial Peripapillary Capillaries Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: The Effect of Image Averaging.

Objectives: To assess the effect of image registration and averaging on the visualization and quantification of the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: Twenty-two healthy controls were imaged with a commercial OCTA system (AngioVue, Optovue, Inc.).

Human retinal microvascular imaging using adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.

Background: Retinal microvascular imaging is an especially promising application of high resolution imaging since there are increasing options for therapeutic intervention and need for better structural and functional biomarkers to characterize ocular and systemic vascular diseases.

Main Body: Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) is an emerging technology for improving in vivo imaging of the human retinal microvasculature, allowing unprecedented visualization of retinal microvascular structure, measurements of blood flow velocity, and microvascular network mapping. This high resolution imaging technique shows significant potential for studying physiological and pathological conditions of the retinal microvasculature noninvasively.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Analysis of Perfused Peripapillary Capillaries in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Normal-Tension Glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare perfused peripapillary capillary density in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and normal patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: A retrospective review of POAG, NTG, and normal patients imaged with OCT-A was performed. En face OCT angiograms identifying peripapillary vessels were obtained using a spectral-domain OCT system (Avanti RTVue-XR).

Imaging Foveal Microvasculature: Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Versus Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscope Fluorescein Angiography.

Purpose: To compare the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope fluorescein angiography (AOSLO FA) for characterizing the foveal microvasculature in healthy and vasculopathic eyes.

Methods: Four healthy controls and 11 vasculopathic patients (4 diabetic retinopathy, 4 retinal vein occlusion, and 3 sickle cell retinopathy) were imaged with OCTA and AOSLO FA. Foveal perfusion maps were semiautomatically skeletonized for quantitative analysis, which included foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics (area, perimeter, acircularity index) and vessel density in three concentric annular regions of interest.

Basal forebrain projections to the lateral habenula modulate aggression reward.

Maladaptive aggressive behaviour is associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders and is thought to result partly from the inappropriate activation of brain reward systems in response to aggressive or violent social stimuli. Nuclei within the ventromedial hypothalamus, extended amygdala and limbic circuits are known to encode initiation of aggression; however, little is known about the neural mechanisms that directly modulate the motivational component of aggressive behaviour. Here we established a mouse model to measure the valence of aggressive inter-male social interaction with a smaller subordinate intruder as reinforcement for the development of conditioned place preference (CPP).