Longitudinal Follow-up Comparing Future Care of Primary Teeth Treated with Silver Diammine Fluoride: A Private Dental Claims Review.

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally evaluate follow-up treatment on primary teeth initially treated with silver diammine fluoride (SDF). This retrospective cohort evaluated private insurance (not Medicaid) claims data from 2018 to 2019 for children no older than 12 years with at least one primary tooth initially treated with SDF. Additional treatment per tooth was recorded over a follow-up of at least 24 months.

Evaluation of Claim Reports for Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Dental Procedures.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the postponement of dental elective procedures at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased number of simple dental extractions, and/or decreased restorative procedures by analyzing data obtained from state-funded insurance dental claims.

Methods: Paid dental claims collected from March 2019 to December 2019 and from March 2020 to December 2020 for children ages two to 13 years old were analyzed. Dental procedures were selected based on Current Dental Terminology (CDT) codes for simple dental extractions and restorative procedures.

Effect of a Tea Polyphenol on Different Levels of Exposure of Nicotine and Tobacco Extract on Biofilm Formation.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different levels of nicotine and tobacco extract exposure on biofilm formation and the inhibitory effect of the polyphenol epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) found in green tea. This study addressed the results of biofilm assays with EGCG and varying relative concentrations of nicotine and tobacco extract consistent with primary, secondary and tertiary levels of smoking exposure. Primary smoking exposure to nicotine has been demonstrated to significantly increase biofilm formation, while EGCG has been demonstrated to reduce biofilm formation.

Pediatric Phantom Dosimetry of a Portable Handheld X-ray Device.

The purpose of this study was to quantify radiation dose from the XTG (Xray2Go) handheld X-ray device for bitewing and maxillary anterior occlusal projections using a pediatric phantom. The aim was to evaluate effects of thyroid shielding on total effective dose (E) and tissue equivalent doses (HT) and assess operator backscatter radiation. Methods:A pediatric phantom head with 24 tissue site dosimeters was exposed to radiation from the x-ray device.

Pediatric Phantom Dosimetry Evaluation of the Extraoral Bitewing.

This study's purpose was to evaluate the effective dose (E) and equivalent dose () of exposing a pediatric phantom to the extraoral bitewing programs of the Planmeca ProMax 2D S3 (ProMax) and Instrumentarium Orthopantomograph OP30 (OP30) and compare these results with dosimetry associated with the intraoral bitewing and panoramic radiograph. Dosimetry was acquired by placing 24 dosimeters in tissues of interest in a 10-year-old phantom. Manufacturer child settings were used for all scans.

Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide Disruption of In Vitro .

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory in vitro effects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with and without a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) on established biofilm. Fifty μl of an overnight culture (10 CFU per mL) in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and three ml of fresh TSB supplemented with one percent sucrose (TSBS) were incubated for 24 hours to establish an biofilm in six-well tissue culture plates. Four treatments (SDF, SSKI, SDF plus SSKI, and untreated control) were used to disrupt the biofilm.

The Effects of Different Levels of Ambient Oxygen in an Oxygen-Enriched Surgical Environment and Production of Surgical Fires.

Surgical fires require an oxygen-enriched environment, a flammable substrate, and an ignition source. We hypothesized ambient oxygen concentration is proportional to the latency time to combustion and the incidence of surgical fires that are detected. We examined latency time and number of events, utilizing the VanCleave et al model of intraoral fire ignition under 60, 80, and 100% oxygen concentration and flow rates of 4 and 10 L/min.

Office-Based Anesthesia: Safety and Outcomes in Pediatric Dental Patients.

The number of children with caries requiring general anesthesia to achieve comprehensive dental care and the demand for dentist anesthesiologists to provide ambulatory anesthesia for these patients is increasing. No current published studies examine the safety and outcomes of ambulatory anesthesia performed by dentist anesthesiologists for dental procedures in pediatric patients, and there is no national requirement for reporting outcomes of these procedures. In 2010, the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry was developed.

Pediatric Phantom Dosimetry of Kodak 9000 Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the radiation dose of the Kodak 9000 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) device for different anatomical areas using a pediatric phantom.

Methods: Absorbed doses resulting from maxillary and mandibular region three by five cm CBCT volumes of an anthropomorphic 10-year-old child phantom were acquired using optical stimulated dosimetry. Equivalent doses were calculated for radiosensitive tissues in the head and neck area, and effective dose for maxillary and mandibular examinations were calculated following the 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).

The Effect of Fluoride Varnish on Enamel Shear Bond Strength of Pit and Fissure Sealants.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fluoride varnish on the enamel shear bond strength of pit and fissure sealants.

Methods: Ninety-six teeth were divided into three duplicated test groups: sealant (S)/sealant thermocycle (ST) received Clinpro Sealant only; varnish sealant (VS)/varnish sealant thermocycle (VST) received five percent sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish plus sealant (VPS); and VPS/VPS thermocycle (VPST) received NaF, polish with Clinpro Prophy Paste, plus sealant. One set of each group (ST, VST, VPST) was thermocycled to represent aging, and one set (S, VS, PVS) was not.

Fluoride in the diet of 2-years-old children.

Objectives: This study aimed to calculate the fluoride concentrations of commonly consumed foods and beverages for 2-years-old children utilizing market basket information for the US Midwest region.

Methods: Total Diet Study food lists were cross-referenced with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-What We Eat in America data to determine the foods and beverages to be included. Fluoride concentrations were determined using a modification of the hexamethyldisiloxane microdiffusion technique.

Behavior Assessment in Children Following Hospital-Based General Anesthesia versus Office-Based General Anesthesia.

The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in behavior exist following dental treatment under hospital-based general anesthesia (HBGA) or office-based general anesthesia (OBGA) in the percentage of patients exhibiting positive behavior and in the mean Frankl scores at recall visits. This retrospective study examined records of a pediatric dental office over a 4 year period. Patients presenting before 48 months of age for an initial exam who were diagnosed with early childhood caries were included in the study.

The effect of intraoral suction on oxygen-enriched surgical environments: a mechanism for reducing the risk of surgical fires.

In this study, a mechanical model was applied in order to replicate potential surgical fire conditions in an oxygen-enriched environment with and without high-volume suction typical for dental surgical applications. During 41 trials, 3 combustion events were measured: an audible pop, a visible flash of light, and full ignition. In at least 11 of 21 trials without suction, all 3 conditions were observed, sometimes with an extent of fire that required early termination of the experimental trial.

Factors involved in dental surgery fires: a review of the literature.

Surgical fires are well-characterized, readily preventable, potentially devastating operating room catastrophes that continue to occur from 20 to 100 times per year or, by one estimate, up to 600 times per year in US operating rooms, sometimes with fatal results. The most significant risk factors for surgical fires involve (a) the use of an ignition source, such as laser or electrocautery equipment, in or around an oxygen-enriched environment in the head, neck, and upper torso area and (b) the concurrent delivery of supplemental oxygen, especially via nasal cannula. Nonetheless, while these 2 conditions occur very commonly in dental surgery, especially in pediatric dental surgery where sedation and anesthesia are regularly indicated, there is a general absence of documented dental surgical fires in the literature.

Fluoride content of infant foods.

Excessive fluoride consumption during the first 2 years of life is associated with an increased risk of dental fluorosis. Estimates of fluoride intake from various sources may aid in determining a child's risk for developing fluorosis. This study sought to assess the fluoride content of commercially available foods for infants, and to guide dentists who are advising parents of young children about fluoride intake.

Factors influencing behavior guidance: a survey of practicing pediatric dentists.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing behavior guidance technique utilization among practicing pediatric dentists and explore potential barriers to the incorporation of previously unused techniques.

Methods: The data for this study were obtained from a web-based survey containing 15 multiple choice questions concerning the practitioners' past, current, and anticipated future behavior guidance technique utilization.

Results: Most respondents received hands-on training in 10 of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry behavior guidance techniques.

Pulp therapy in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease: survey of American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry members.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify treatment options recommended by American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) members concerning pulp treatment in primary teeth in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods: A web-based survey was sent to all active members of the AAPD. The survey contained radiographs of pulpally involved primary teeth, a description of associated signs/symptoms, and a medical history of the patient who was positive for a type of CHD.

Current trends in pulp therapy: a survey analyzing pulpotomy techniques taught in pediatric dental residency programs.

Purpose: The study's purpose was to survey directors of pediatric dental residency programs in order to evaluate the materials currently being taught and used for pulpotomy procedures for primary teeth in educational and clinical settings.

Methods: A web-based survey was emailed to all graduate pediatric dental residency program directors in the United States.

Results: Seventy one emails were sent to program directors, 47 responded but only 39 respondents (55%) were included in the study.

The use of office-based sedation and general anesthesia by board certified pediatric dentists practicing in the United States.

The purpose of this study is to explore the use of office-based sedation by board-certified pediatric dentists practicing in the United States. Pediatric dentists have traditionally relied upon self-administered sedation techniques to provide office-based sedation. The use of dentist anesthesiologists to provide office-based sedation is an emerging trend.

Demand in pediatric dentistry for sedation and general anesthesia by dentist anesthesiologists: a survey of directors of dentist anesthesiologist and pediatric dentistry residencies.

This study describes what training programs in pediatric dentistry and dental anesthesiology are doing to meet future needs for deep sedation/general anesthesia services required for pediatric dentistry. Residency directors from 10 dental anesthesiology training programs in North America and 79 directors from pediatric dentistry training programs in North America were asked to answer an 18-item and 22-item online survey, respectively, through an online survey tool. The response rate for the 10 anesthesiology training program directors was 9 of 10 or 90%.

Caries prevalence and its association with brushing habits, water availability, and the intake of sugared beverages.

BACKGROUND. With Dental Caries being the most common disease amongst children in the world today, there is a need to fully understand risk factors that may be related to caries prevalence and how they could be best addressed. AIM.

Effect on behavior of dental treatment rendered under conscious sedation and general anesthesia in pediatric patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in the amount of time it took to exhibit positive behavior following dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) vs conscious sedation (CS).

Methods: This retrospective study examined charts of a pediatric dental office between 1999 to 2003. Patients presenting before 36 months old for an initial exam who were diagnosed with early childhood caries were included in the study.

Effects of genistein in the maternal diet on reproductive development and spatial learning in male rats.

Endocrine disruptors, chemicals that disturb the actions of endogenous hormones, have been implicated in birth defects associated with hormone-dependent development. Phytoestrogens are a class of endocrine disruptors found in plants. In the current study we examined the effects of exposure at various perinatal time periods to genistein, a soy phytoestrogen, on reproductive development and learning in male rats.

Neonatal handling increases cardiovascular reactivity to contextual fear conditioning in borderline hypertensive rats (BHR).

Much research has demonstrated that events occurring in early life can have a profound influence on future biobehavioral responses to stressful and emotion provoking situations. The purpose of these studies was to determine the effects of an early environmental manipulation, handling (HAN) on cardiovascular (CV) reactivity, freezing behavior and corticosterone (CORT) responses to contextual fear conditioning in the borderline hypertensive rat (BHR),which is susceptible to environmental stressors. HAN subjects were separated from the nest for 15 min/day on post-natal days 1-14, while non-handled (NON-HAN) controls remained in the home cage.