Interaction between buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.

Buprenorphine (BUP) is the preferred treatment for opioid use disorder during pregnancy but can cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Norbuprenorphine (NorBUP), an active metabolite of BUP, is implicated in BUP-associated NOWS. We hypothesized that BUP, a low-efficacy agonist of mu opioid receptors, will not antagonize NorBUP, a high-efficacy agonist of mu opioid receptors, in producing NOWS.

Deuterated buprenorphine retains pharmacodynamic properties of buprenorphine and resists metabolism to the active metabolite norbuprenorphine in rats.

An active metabolite of buprenorphine (), called norbuprenorphine (), is implicated in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome when BUP is taken during pregnancy. Therefore, reducing or eliminating metabolism of BUP to NorBUP is a novel strategy that will likely lower total fetal exposure to opioids and thus improve offspring outcomes. Precision deuteration alters pharmacokinetics of drugs without altering pharmacodynamics.

Qualitative content analysis of public responses to an FDA inquiry on the impact of scheduling changes to kratom.

Background: The legal status of kratom in the United States is complex and varies by state. The U.S.

Mycobacterium abscessus Cells Have Altered Antibiotic Tolerance and Surface Glycolipids in Artificial Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Medium.

is a biofilm-forming, multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pathogen increasingly found in cystic fibrosis patients. Antibiotic treatment for these infections is often unsuccessful, partly due to 's high intrinsic antibiotic resistance. It is not clear whether antibiotic tolerance caused by biofilm formation also contributes to poor treatment outcomes.