Pediatric and Young Adult Household Transmission of the Initial Waves of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States: Administrative Claims Study.

Background: The correlates responsible for the temporal changes of intrahousehold SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the United States have been understudied mainly due to a lack of available surveillance data. Specifically, early analyses of SARS-CoV-2 household secondary attack rates (SARs) were small in sample size and conducted cross-sectionally at single time points. From these limited data, it has been difficult to assess the role that different risk factors have had on intrahousehold disease transmission in different stages of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in children and youth.

Prediction of movement in handball with the use of inertial measurement units and machine learning.

Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and machine learning are strong tools in quantifying physical demands in sports, such as handball. However, the detection of both locomotion and throw events simultaneously has not been a topic for much investigation. Wherefore, the aim of this study was to publicise a method for training an extreme gradient boosting model capable of identifying low intensity, dynamic, running and throw events.

Characterizing Diabetes Empowerment and Motivation for Changing Health Behaviors Among People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Introduction: Effectively engaging people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) earlier in their health journeys is critical to prevent downstream complications. Digitally based diabetes programs are a growing component of care delivery that have the potential to engage individuals outside of traditional clinic-based settings and use personalized data to pair people to tailored diabetes self-management interventions. Knowing an individuals' diabetes empowerment and health-related motivation can help drive appropriate recommendations for personalized interventions.

Satisfied versus dissatisfied: Experiences of retirement village living.

Objective: This study aims to understand and distinguish between satisfied and dissatisfied older people, through a comparison of their lived experience within a retirement village.

Methods: An exploratory qualitative research design was utilized to identify and describe consumer experiences of lifestyle living and how that experience translates to positive or negative satisfaction. The net promoter score (NPS) was employed to identify highly satisfied (Promoters) and highly dissatisfied (Detractors) people.

Exploration of Residual Confounding in Analyses of Associations of Metformin Use and Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Importance: Metformin is often used as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes; however, frequent discontinuation with reduced kidney function and increased disease severity indicates that a comparison with any other group (eg, nonusers or insulin users) must address significant residual confounding concerns.

Objectives: To examine the potential for residual confounding in a commonly used observational study design applied to metformin and to propose a more robust study design for future observational studies of metformin.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study with a prevalent user design was conducted using an administrative claims database for Medicare Advantage beneficiaries in the US.

Improved Time in Range During 28 Days of Meal Delivery for People With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of care for people with type 2 diabetes, yet starting new, healthy eating behaviors and sustaining them can be challenging. This decentralized, single-arm study assessed the impact of 28 days of home-delivered, pre-portioned meals (three meals per day) on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glycemic control and quality of life.

Research Design And Methods: We enrolled 154 people with type 2 diabetes from across the United States.

Tackle and ball carrier demands of rugby league: a seven-year league-wide study including over 1,000,000 tackle events.

Objectives: Describe the highest frequency and variability for tackle events in rugby league. Investigate seasonal differences in total tackle events per match over a seven-year period.

Design: Retrospective observational.

'The Big Island Model': Resident experiences of a novel permanent supportive housing model for responding to rural homelessness.

Research on rural homelessness focuses primarily on describing the experiences and prevalence of homelessness in rural contexts, with little focus on intervention strategies. We conducted a case study of the 'Big Island Model' (BIM), a novel approach to providing housing and support to individuals experiencing homelessness that has been developed for, and reflects, a rural context. We interviewed 13 participants (n = 10 men; n = 3 women) supported by the BIM using mixed interviews including qualitative and quantitative components exploring experiences of living within this model and aspects of psychosocial well-being.

Longitudinal changes in Super League match locomotor and event characteristics: A league-wide investigation over three seasons in rugby league.

The 2019 and 2020 Super League (SL) seasons included several competition rule changes. This study aimed to quantify the difference between the 2018, 2019 and 2020 SL seasons for duration, locomotor and event characteristics of matches. Microtechnology and match event data were analysed from 11 SL teams, comprising 124 players, from 416 competitive matches across a three-year data collection period.

A grouped beta process model for multivariate resting-state EEG microstate analysis on twins.

EEG microstate analysis investigates the collection of distinct temporal blocks that characterize the electrical activity of the brain. Brain activity within each microstate is stable, but activity switches rapidly between different microstates in a nonrandom way. We propose a Bayesian nonparametric model that concurrently estimates the number of microstates and their underlying behaviour.

SARS-CoV-2 transmission during rugby league matches: do players become infected after participating with SARS-CoV-2 positive players?

Objectives: To examine the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 positive players and other players during rugby league matches and determine within-match SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk.

Methods: Four Super League matches in which SARS-CoV-2 positive players were subsequently found to have participated were analysed. Players were identified as increased-risk contacts, and player interactions and proximities were analysed by video footage and global positioning system (GPS) data.

A comparison of health care worker-collected foam and polyester nasal swabs in convalescent COVID-19 patients.

Both polyester and foam nasal swabs were collected from convalescent COVID-19 patients at a single visit and stored in viral transport media (VTM), saline or dry. Sensitivity of each swab material and media combination were estimated, three by three tables were constructed to measure polyester and foam concordance, and cycle threshold (Ct) values were compared. 126 visits had polyester and foam swabs stored in viral transport media (VTM), 51 had swabs stored in saline, and 63 had a foam swab in VTM and a polyester swab stored in a dry tube.

A nonparametric Bayesian model for estimating spectral densities of resting-state EEG twin data.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a noninvasive neuroimaging modality that captures electrical brain activity many times per second. We seek to estimate power spectra from EEG data that ware gathered for 557 adolescent twin pairs through the Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS). Typically, spectral analysis methods treat time series from each subject separately, and independent spectral densities are fit to each time series.

A longitudinal model for functional connectivity networks using resting-state fMRI.

Many neuroimaging studies collect functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in a longitudinal manner. However, the current fMRI literature lacks a general framework for analyzing functional connectivity (FC) networks in fMRI data obtained from a longitudinal study. In this work, we build a novel longitudinal FC model using a variance components approach.

Inflammation-Related Morbidity and Mortality Among HIV-Positive Adults: How Extensive Is It?

Objective: To determine the rate of grade 4, potentially life-threatening events not attributable to AIDS, cardiovascular disease (CVD), or non-AIDS cancer among participants on antiretroviral therapy and to describe associations of these events with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and D-dimer.

Design: Cohort study.

Methods: HIV-infected participants on antiretroviral therapy (N = 3568) with an HIV-RNA level ≤ 500 copies/mL were followed for grade 4, AIDS, CVD, non-AIDS cancer, and all-cause mortality events.

CACTIN is an essential nuclear protein in Arabidopsis and may be associated with the eukaryotic spliceosome.

CACTIN is a conserved eukaryotic protein without known functional domains. Previous research revealed that CACTIN is essential in animals and protists and that it may function in inflammation pathways in animals; however, these pathways are not as broadly conserved as CACTIN. Therefore, the ancestral molecular function of CACTIN remains unknown.

Evidence that better outcome of psychosis in women is reversed with increasing age of onset: a population-based 5-year follow-up study.

Background: Female gender and later onset of psychosis are both associated with better outcome. However whether their effects are independent, is not known.

Method: In 379 incident cases of psychoses, from an epidemiologically defined catchment area, admixture analysis was employed to generate age of onset classes.

Senior friendly health services.

As our population continues to age and to put increasing pressures on the health care system, we need to evolve the system to be sensitive to the unique needs of seniors. There are many examples of innovative, evidence-based strategies that have been shown to improve outcomes for elderly individuals utilizing health services. The association between the physical environment and its negative impact on outcomes for hospitalized geriatric patients is well recognized.

Gerontological nursing roles within the Southeastern Regional Geriatric Program.

This paper looks at the varied roles of Registered Nurses (RNs) within the Southeastern Regional Geriatric Program (SERGP) and how these nursing roles influence client care across the continuum of services. More specifically, this paper describes the clinical services of the SERGP, the roles of RNs within these services, and the principles and dimensions of geriatric nursing assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation. The aim of this article is to promote recognition of the complex and stimulating work of RNs in gerontology.

Promoting positive outcomes for elderly persons in the hospital: prevention and risk factor modification.

The hospitalized elderly are at an increased risk for poor outcomes such as increased length of stay, readmissions, functional decline, and iatrogenic complications, as compared with other age groups. Research related to the hospitalized elderly has identified factors associated with poor outcomes. Nurses and other healthcare team members may be able to identify elderly patients at risk for poor outcomes and target modifiable factors to minimize their negative impact.