Validation of the Survey of Sleep Quality in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (SSqPICU).

Study Objectives: Observational data suggest pediatric intensive care unit-related sleep and circadian disruption (PICU-SCD) affects many critically ill children. Multicenter trials exploring PICU-SCD have been impractical because measuring sleep in this setting is challenging. This study validates a questionnaire for caregivers to describe children's sleep in the PICU.

The Association Between C-Reactive Protein Levels and Pediatric Appendicitis Score and the Severity of Appendicitis in Children.

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain leading to emergent abdominal surgery in children. C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker typically elevated in acute appendicitis, and Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS), a clinical scoring system used for the diagnosis of appendicitis, have the potential to predict the severity of inflammation of the appendix. This may be useful in helping the physician make a treatment plan prior to surgery.

Role of Dual-Contingency Management in Family-Based Obesity Therapy and the Effects of Weight Loss on Liver Transient Elastography Parameters in Youth: A Pilot Study.

The pilot study evaluated contingency management (CM) for family-based obesity therapy (FBT). The secondary outcome assessed the association of the hepatic transient electrography (TE) parameters, including the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness (LSM), and changes in liver function blood tests and BMI changes in youth involved in intensive FBT. It included youth-parent dyads from an urban pediatric center randomized to weekly behavioral therapy (BT, n= 4) who received fixed financial compensation for attendance, or BT+CM (n= 5) who received an escalating monetary reward for weight loss.

Ondansetron Safety Regarding Prolong QTc for Children with Head Trauma.

Background: There have been recent reports of increased QT interval after head trauma in concussed athletes and adult patients. Ondansetron, which is widely used in treatment of nausea and vomiting symptoms in head injuries, was issued a safety warning from the U.S.

The Importance of Differentiating Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis From Lyme Arthritis in Pediatric Patients.

Objective This study aims to compare clinical and laboratory features between Lyme arthritis (LA) and oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (oligoarticular JIA) by examining several potential predictors in pediatric patients. This study also aims to improve and increase awareness of ways to detect LA and oligoarticular JIA in pediatric patients who present with clinical features of joint pain. Methods A medical chart review was conducted among pediatric patients diagnosed with LA or oligoarticular JIA at John R.

Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity is maintained by the unmutated common ancestor of 6F5, a Gp41 conformational epitope targeting antibody that utilizes heavy chain VH1-2.

In studies on monoclonal IgG antibodies (mAbs) from long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), our laboratory has previously described highly mutated Abs against a complex conformational epitope with contributions from both gp41 the N terminal and C terminal heptad repeat helices. Despite using the VH1-2 gene segment, known to contribute to some of the broadest neutralizing Abs against HIV, members of these Abs, termed group 76C Abs, did not exhibit broad neutralization. Because of the high number of mutations and use of VH1-2, our goal was to characterize the non-neutralizing functions of Abs of group 76C, to assess if targeting of the epitope correlates with LTNP, and to assess the maturation of these Abs by comparison to their predicted common ancestor.

Single-Dose Dexamethasone Is Not Inferior to 2 Doses in Mild to Moderate Pediatric Asthma Exacerbations in the Emergency Department.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single dose of dexamethasone to 2 doses of dexamethasone in treating mild to moderate asthma exacerbations in pediatric patients. We anticipated that there would not be a difference in the rate of return visits to the emergency department (ED), urgent care, or primary care physician for continued asthma symptoms.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, single-center, unblinded, parallel-group randomized clinical trial of patients 2 to 20 years old presenting to a pediatric ED with mild to moderate asthma exacerbations.

Trichomonas Infection Rates in Males Presenting to the Emergency Department for Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Overall prevalence is reported to be 3.1%, with rates approaching 12.

Response to treatment with intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide and triamcinolone acetonide in oligo articular juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Background: Oligo-articular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Oligo JIA) is the most common subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Intra-articular corticosteroid (IAC) injection is a mainstay treatment of oligo JIA providing pain relief, improving mobility and preventing further joint destruction in the majority of patients. In 2015, production of triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH) an intra-articular corticosteroid was discontinued in the United States leading to use of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) as an alternative.

Using Low-Cost Models for Training First-Year Pediatric Residents on 4 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-Required Procedures: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to assess the feasibility of using low-cost models to train first-year pediatric residents and to examine whether residents who receive such training will be as competent as their experienced colleagues in performing 4 American College of Graduate Education-required procedures, including suturing, splinting, lumbar puncture, and venipuncture.

Methods: We performed a pilot study with postgraduate year (PGY) 1 to 3 residents. Postgraduate year 1 residents completed a self-assessment questionnaire before the onset of training.

Lyme Arthritis in Children on the Uptick in Western New York Area.

Objective: This study explores a suspected increasing incidence of Lyme arthritis in the Western New York pediatric population. In addition, we aim to describe a clinical picture of Lyme arthritis and the clinical features that distinguish it from other forms of arthritis.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with Lyme arthritis between January 2014 and September 2018 were identified using International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision (ICD 10) codes for Lyme disease and Lyme arthritis.

Association of dairy intake with weight change in adolescents undergoing obesity treatment.

Background: The role of dairy products in obesity treatment for adolescents is unclear. The study purpose was to assess the association between dairy intake and changes in BMI z-score (zBMI) during adolescent obesity treatment.

Methods: Observational study nested within a randomized control trial.

Development, content validity and test-retest reliability of the Lifelong Physical Activity Skills Battery in adolescents.

Numerous skill batteries assess fundamental motor skill (e.g., kick, hop) competence.

Suppressed plasmablast responses in febrile infants, including children with Kawasaki disease.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD), the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, primarily affects infants and toddlers. Investigations on immune responses during KD are hampered by a limited understanding of normal immune responses in these ages. It's well known that Infants have poorer vaccine responses and difficulty with maintaining prolonged serum immunity, but there are few studies on human infants detailing immune deficiencies.

Effects of a Randomized Weight Loss Intervention Trial in Obese Adolescents on Tibia and Radius Bone Geometry and Volumetric Density.

Obese adolescents have increased fracture risk, but effects of alterations in adiposity on bone accrual and strength in obese adolescents are not understood. We evaluated 12-month changes in trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and cortical geometry in obese adolescents undergoing a randomized weight management program, and investigated the effect of body composition changes on bone outcomes. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the radius and tibia, and whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were obtained at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months in 91 obese adolescents randomized to standard care versus behavioral intervention for weight loss.

Occult Head Injury in Children Less Than 2 Years With Suspected Child Abuse in the Emergency Department.

Objective: This study aims to determine the frequency of clinically significant findings requiring emergent neurosurgical intervention on computed tomography (CT) in neurologically intact children admitted to the hospital with suspected abuse.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of neurologically stable children (0-24 months) in whom both skeletal survey and CT head were performed for child abuse evaluation from 2000 to 2011.

Results: A total of 132 patients met inclusion criteria (mean age, 7.

Observational study of Interleukin-21 (IL-21) does not distinguish Kawasaki disease from other causes of fever in children.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile childhood vasculitis of unknown etiology. The diagnosis is highly concerning as over a quarter of children who fail to receive timely treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) will develop coronary aneurysms. Diagnosis relies on proper symptomatology and is supported by non-specific markers of inflammation.

Desaturation in procedural sedation for children with long bone fractures: Does weight status matter?

Introduction: Childhood obesity remains a serious problem in the United States. Significant associated adverse incidents have been reported with sedation of children with obesity, namely hypoxemia. The objective of our study was to determine if overweight and obesity were associated with increased desaturations during procedural sedation compared with patients of healthy weight.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Motor Competence in Santal Children of Purulia District, India.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index and motor competence in Santal children 5-12 years old. A total of 816 Santal children were studied. Children's adiposity status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) for age z-score based on World Health Organization reference data.

The Current State of the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Kidney Injury by Pediatric Critical Care Physicians.

Objectives: Increasingly prevalent in pediatric intensive care, acute kidney injury imparts significant short- and long-term consequences. Despite advances in acute kidney injury research, clinical outcomes are worsening. We surveyed pediatric critical care physicians to describe the current state of acute kidney injury diagnosis and management in critically ill children.

Factors associated With the development of motor proficiency in school children of Kolkata: A cross-sectional study to assess the role of chronic nutritional and socio-economic status.

Background: Development of coordinated movements is determined among others by individual growth and environmental factors, but the dynamic relationship between motor proficiency and potential contributing factors such as chronic nutritional status and socio-economic status (SES) is not known in school children of Kolkata.

Aim: To characterize the motor proficiency in school children of Kolkata and to investigate association of chronic nutritional and SES on motor proficiency.

Methods: Motor proficiency in 843 school children of Kolkata aged 5-12 years was assessed by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor-Proficiency-Second Edition-Short Form (BOT-2 SF).

A New Strategy for Trichomonas Testing Female Adolescents in the Emergency Department.

Study Objective: Sensitive trichomonas diagnostic testing has become available, including nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and a rapid antigen test. The study purpose was to determine if adding sensitive trichomonas testing to routine female sexually transmitted infection (STI) evaluations would increase trichomonas identification and treatment.

Design: Two study time periods.

Counseling About Weight Gain Guidelines and Subsequent Gestational Weight Gain.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate what percentage of postpartum women were informed about how much weight to gain during pregnancy, the accuracy of the weight gain recommendations based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations and whether being informed was associated with greater likelihood of meeting the recommendations.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of postpartum women interviewed in maternity recovery rooms at two large urban hospitals. Body mass index was obtained from medical records, and adherence to gestational weight gain guidelines was determined based on the 2009 IOM recommendations.

Tibia and radius bone geometry and volumetric density in obese compared to non-obese adolescents.

Childhood obesity is associated with biologic and behavioral characteristics that may impact bone mineral density (BMD) and structure. The objective was to determine the association between obesity and bone outcomes, independent of sexual and skeletal maturity, muscle area and strength, physical activity, calcium intake, biomarkers of inflammation, and vitamin D status. Tibia and radius peripheral quantitative CT scans were obtained in 91 obese (BMI>97th percentile) and 51 non-obese adolescents (BMI>5th and <85th percentiles).

Clinical signs and symptoms associated with intussusception in young children undergoing ultrasound in the emergency room.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate all patients suspected of having intussusception and identify which signs and symptoms were associated with the disease.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 553 charts from 2006 to 2010 of patients' age 2 months to 5 years who had an abdominal ultrasound obtained to evaluate for intussusception. Charts were reviewed for signs and symptoms previously shown to be associated with intussusception.