Automated identification and quantification of activated dendritic cells in central cornea using artificial intelligence.

Purpose: To validate an algorithm quantifying activated dendritic cells (aDCs) using in-vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) images.

Methods: IVCM images obtained at the Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. ADCs were quantified both with an automated algorithm and manually.

Closure of Full-Thickness Macular Holes Associated with Macular Edema with Medical Therapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the closure of macular hole without surgery in 7 cases using medical therapies.

Methods: The retrospective review of 7 cases of full-thickness macular holes, which closed after medical therapy without surgery.

Results: Seven eyes of 7 patients developed full-thickness macular holes, which initially closed on medical therapy without surgery.

Prevalence and risk factors for chalazion in an older veteran population.

Background: Chalazia are common inflammatory eyelid lesions, but their epidemiology remains understudied. This retrospective case-control study examined the prevalence, risk factors and geographic distribution of chalazia in a large veteran population.

Methods: Data on all individuals seen at a Veterans Affairs (VA) clinic between October 2010 and October 2015 were extracted from the VA health database.

Diving Deep into Deep Learning: An Update on Artificial Intelligence in Retina.

Purpose Of Review: In the present article, we will provide an understanding and review of artificial intelligence in the subspecialty of retina and its potential applications within the specialty.

Recent Findings: Given the significant use of diagnostic imaging within retina, this subspecialty is a fitting area for the incorporation of artificial intelligence. Researchers have aimed at creating models to assist in the diagnosis and management of retinal disease as well as in the prediction of disease course and treatment response.

Surgical Simulation Training Reduces Intraoperative Cataract Surgery Complications Among Residents.

Introduction: This retrospective consecutive case series examined whether training on a surgical simulator reduces intraoperative complication rates among novice ophthalmology residents learning cataract surgery.

Methods: Beginning July 2014, training on the Eyesi simulator became mandatory for novice postgraduate year 3 ophthalmology residents before live cataract surgery at our institution. Complication rates of the 11 simulator-trained residents (study group) were compared with their immediate 11 simulator-naive predecessors (comparison group).

Diagnosed a Patient with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy? Now What?: Management of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose Of Review What Is The Goal Of Your Paper? What Questions Did You Seek To Answer?: The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the management options for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Recent Findings Summarize The Latest Research On Your Topic: The majority of cases of acute CSCR may be managed with observation and cessation of corticosteroids, if possible, as well as life-style modifications including stress reduction and control of hypertension. The management of chronic disease is more challenging and may include either medication or laser-based treatment.

High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Differentiation of Inflammatory Versus Noninflammatory Peripheral Corneal Thinning.

Purpose: To evaluate whether high-resolution optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) can aid in differentiation of inflammatory versus noninflammatory causes of peripheral corneal thinning.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 10 patients with peripheral corneal thinning and their respective slit-lamp photographs and HR-OCT images.

Results: Ten patients were identified who had peripheral corneal thinning and HR-OCT images.

Stress and burnout in residents: impact of mindfulness-based resilience training.

Background And Objective: Stress and burnout impact resident physicians. This prospective study tests the hypothesis that a mindfulness-based resilience intervention would decrease stress and burnout in residents.

Methods: Resident physicians from the Departments of Family Medicine, Psychiatry, and Anesthesia at Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, participated in two or three 1-hour sessions of mindfulness-based resilience activities, which introduced mindful-awareness and included practical exercises for nurturing resilience.

Retinal atrophy in eyes with resolved papilledema detected by optical coherence tomography.

Background: To apply automated spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) segmentation to eyes with resolving papilledema.

Methods: Ninety-four patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension seen at the Duke Eye Center neuro-ophthalmology clinic between November 2010 and October 2011 were reviewed. Excluded were eyes with papilledema with Frisén grade >2, other optic neuropathies or retinopathies, and those that did not have SD-OCT imaging.

Elevated levels of RhoA in the optic nerve head of human eyes with glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine changes in the expression profile of RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK-1 and ROCK-2) in the aqueous humor outflow pathway and optic nerve head (ONH) of human eyes with or without glaucoma to explore their potential involvement in glaucoma pathophysiology.

Methods: Age-matched paraffin-embedded postmortem eyes from patients with or without glaucoma were stained immunohistochemically using polyclonal antibodies raised against RhoA, ROCK-1, and ROCK-2. The intensity of the immunostaining in the aqueous humor outflow pathway and the ONH was graded by 4 individuals who were masked concerning whether the eyes were from normal individuals or those with glaucoma.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide and calcineurin inhibitors as novel antifungal treatments for Aspergillus keratitis.

Purpose: To establish polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) as an effective treatment for Aspergillus keratitis in a novel murine model. To determine the ability of the calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine A (CSA) to enhance the activity of PHMB, amphotericin B (AMB), and voriconazole (VCZ) against Aspergillus keratitis.

In Vitro Studies: Broth antifungal susceptibility tests were performed with PHMB, AMB, VCZ, and FK506, individually and in combination against Aspergillus fumigatus.