The cognitive effects of stopping and starting antipsychotics on changes in cognitive functioning.

Objectives: The current study uses longitudinal data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) to assess the effects of antipsychotic medication use on changes in cognitive functioning among adults in the United States.

Methods: Linear mixed models were conducted that included study visits, days between visits, sex, age, education, and medical history (i.e.

Statins, Enzyme CoQ Supplement Use, and Cognitive Functioning.

Objective: The current study assessed the effects of statin and CoQ supplement use on changes in cognitive functioning in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention study.

Methods: 1,573 subjects were administered medical histories, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Wechsler Memory Scale, Logical Memory subtest, and the Trail Making Test, Parts A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B) 3-4 times over 5-10 years.

Results: Linear mixed models did not yield significant effects for statin or CoQ supplement use on changes in mental status, learning and memory, psychomotor speed, and cognitive flexibility.

The cognitive effects of anticholinergic drugs on apolipoprotein ε4 carriers and noncarriers in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention study.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that anticholinergic drug exposure is associated with cognitive decline in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP) study. Secondary aims were to assess if the effects of anticholinergic drugs on different domains of cognitive functioning varied for the entire sample and by apolipoprotein ε4 status.

Methods: The WRAP study includes a sample of 1,573 subjects who self-reported medication use and were administered several cognitive tests four times over a decade.

The effects of proton pump inhibitors on neuropsychological functioning.

Objective: The current study investigated the effects of proton pump inhibitor use and apolipoprotein ε4 carrier status on changes in neuropsychological functioning in healthy adults with familial risk factors for dementia.

Methods: As part of the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention study, 1,573 subjects were administered questionnaires on their medical history, gave blood samples, and were administered neuropsychological assessments during four visits over a 10-15 year period. Linear mixed models assessed if non-users, subjects who stopped, started, or consistently used proton pump inhibitors differed in changes in working memory, verbal memory, psychomotor speed, and cognitive flexibility.