Specific and general relationships between cortical thickness and cognition in older adults: a longitudinal study.

Prior studies suggest that relationships between regional cortical thickness and domain-specific cognitive performance can be mediated by the relationship between global cortical thickness and domain-general cognition. Whether such findings extend to longitudinal cognitive change remains unclear. Here, we examined the relationships in healthy older adults between cognitive performance, longitudinal cognitive change over 3 years, and cortical thickness at baseline of the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left and right hemispheres.

Recollection-related hippocampal fMRI effects predict longitudinal memory change in healthy older adults.

Prior fMRI studies have reported relationships between memory-related activity in the hippocampus and in-scanner memory performance, but whether such activity is predictive of longitudinal memory change remains unclear. Here, we administered a neuropsychological test battery to a sample of cognitively healthy older adults on three occasions, the second and third sessions occurring one month and three years after the first session. Structural and functional MRI data were acquired between the first two sessions.

Age moderates the relationship between cortical thickness and cognitive performance.

Findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies indicate that cortical thickness declines across the adult lifespan, with regional differences in rate of decline. Global and regional thickness have also been found to co-vary with cognitive performance. Here we examined the relationships between age, mean cortical thickness, and associative recognition performance across three age groups (younger, middle-aged and older adults; total n = 133).

Independent contributions of fMRI familiarity and novelty effects to recognition memory and their stability across the adult lifespan.

The impact of age on the neural correlates of familiarity-driven recognition memory has received relatively little attention. Here, the relationships between age, the neural correlates of familiarity, and memory performance were investigated using an associative recognition test in young, middle-aged and older participants. Test items comprised studied, rearranged (items studied on different trials) and new word pairs.

Transformation of healthcare requires physician leaders steeped in business skills.

Imagine a business leader. Did you envision a physician? Probably not. Doctors are experts in their chosen medical field but aren't conventionally thought of as possessing management leadership skills.

The neural correlates of recollection and retrieval monitoring: Relationships with age and recollection performance.

The relationships between age, retrieval-related neural activity, and episodic memory performance were investigated in samples of young (18-29yrs), middle-aged (43-55yrs) and older (63-76yrs) healthy adults. Participants underwent fMRI scanning during an associative recognition test that followed a study task performed on visually presented word pairs. Test items comprised pairs of intact (studied pairs), rearranged (items studied on different trials) and new words.

The relationships between age, associative memory performance, and the neural correlates of successful associative memory encoding.

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, subsequent memory effects (greater activity for later remembered than later forgotten study items) predictive of associative encoding were compared across samples of young, middle-aged, and older adults (total N = 136). During scanning, participants studied visually presented word pairs. In a later test phase, they discriminated between studied pairs, "rearranged" pairs (items studied on different trials), and new pairs.

The Effects of Age on the Neural Correlates of Recollection Success, Recollection-Related Cortical Reinstatement, and Post-Retrieval Monitoring.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate whether age-related differences in episodic memory performance are accompanied by a reduction in the specificity of recollected information. We addressed this question by comparing recollection-related cortical reinstatement in young and older adults. At study, subjects viewed objects and concrete words, making 1 of 2 different semantic judgments depending on the study material.

Sensitivity of negative subsequent memory and task-negative effects to age and associative memory performance.

The present fMRI experiment employed associative recognition to investigate the relationships between age and encoding-related negative subsequent memory effects and task-negative effects. Young, middle-aged and older adults (total n=136) were scanned while they made relational judgments on visually presented word pairs. In a later memory test, the participants made associative recognition judgments on studied, rearranged (items studied on different trials) and new pairs.

Design of an implant for first metatarsophalangeal hemi-arthroplasty.

This study was designed to examine the three-dimensional geometry of the head of the first metatarsal bone of the foot. Ninety-seven adult first metatarsal head (MTH1) bones were scanned using a laser scanner at 400 dpi. A best-fit ellipsoid was obtained from the articular surfaces of MTH1 for each size group using nonlinear unconstrained optimisation.

MR imaging of the articular cartilage of the knee and ankle.

Cartilage abnormalities in the knee and ankle are a common source of pain and are often difficult to diagnose clinically or radiographically. MR imaging is a valuable tool for diagnosing and characterizing cartilage lesions of both the knee and ankle. An understanding of the appearance of cartilage, and an understanding of how and when to report cartilage injury in the knee and ankle based on current grading systems allows the radiologist to provide the most helpful reports to referring clinicians.

Granular cell tumor of the toe: a case report.

Unlabelled: The authors present a case of a granular cell tumor of the second digit that was treated with a partial digit amputation. A 49-year-old male presented with an atypical hyperkeratotic lesion at the distal aspect of the second toe with adjacent dystrophy of the nail plate. Radiographs, magnetic resonance images, and, finally, ultrasound images were used to confirm the presence of an underlying mass, and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of granular cell tumor.

Complications of ankle fracture in patients with diabetes.

Ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus have long been recognized as a challenge to practicing clinicians. Complications of impaired wound healing, infection, malunion, delayed union, nonunion, and Charcot arthropathy are prevalent in this patient population. Controversy exists as to whether diabetic ankle fractures are best treated noninvasively or by open reduction and internal fixation.

Effect of pilot-hole size on the pullout strength of flexor digitorum longus transfer fixed with a bioabsorbable screw.

Background: Fixation of tendon transfers with a bioabsorbable interference-fit screw has several advantages over other fixation methods: decreased dissection, operative time, and blood loss; preservation of tendon length; no interference with radiographic studies; no need for implant removal; and no barrier to revision surgery. Whether strength of fixation is affected by the size of the pilot hole has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pilot hole size on the pullout strength of a flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon secured into a bone analog using a 5.

Finite element modeling of the first ray of the foot: a tool for the design of interventions.

Disorders of the first ray of the foot (defined as the hard and soft tissues of the first metatarsal, the sesamoids, and the phalanges of the great toe) are common, and therapeutic interventions to address these problems range from alterations in footwear to orthopedic surgery. Experimental verification of these procedures is often lacking, and thus, a computational modeling approach could provide a means to explore different interventional strategies. A three-dimensional finite element model of the first ray was developed for this purpose.

Selective atrophy of the abductor digiti quinti: an MRI study.

Objective: Entrapment of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve is a well-recognized but diagnostically elusive cause of heel pain. The MR finding of selective atrophy of the abductor digiti quinti (ADQ) muscle has been reported as a marker of such entrapment. We performed a prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing foot and ankle MRI to determine the prevalence of ADQ atrophy and to examine the clinical symptoms of patients found to have ADQ atrophy.

The efficacy of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Plantar fasciitis frequently responds to a broad range of conservative therapies, and there is no single universally accepted way of treating this condition. Modalities commonly used include rest, ice massage, stretching of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), corticosteroid injections, foot padding, taping, shoe modifications (steel shank and anterior rocker bottom), arch supports, heel cups, custom foot orthoses, night splints, ultrasound, and casting. To our knowledge, no prospective, randomized, placebo controlled double-blind study has evaluated the efficacy of oral NSAIDs in the treatment of plantar fasciitis.

First metatarsal bone: an anatomic study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to establish the range of anatomic variations of the first metatarsal bone, including both the angulations of the articular surfaces and the dimensions of the bone in a large sample.

Methods: Four hundred and seventy-eight first metatarsal bones of 239 cadaver specimens were studied. The following parameters were recorded: the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), distal metatarsal articular surface shape, proximal metatarsal articular angle (PMAA), the first metatarsal bone length and width at the mid-region of the shaft, and the existence of a joint between the bases of the first and second metatarsals.

Diabetes mellitus--overview.

DM increases the risk of multiple complications including retinography, nephropathy, and atherosclerotic disease. Management strategies include management of the associated metabolic risk factors such has hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Additional management strategies include laser therapy for retinopathy and appropriate footwear to reduce the risk of lower extremity amputations.

Pronation-external rotation ankle fractures in 3 professional football players.

We found no reports of ankle fracture management in professional football players in the orthopedic literature. In this small series of ankle fractures in professional football players, all 3 had the same pronation-external rotation injury pattern. Given the high demands placed on the ankle by these professional athletes, we chose to use a 4.