Drug Development.

Background: Transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (tVNS) was administered to participants diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to improve word-list memory (primary outcome) and other cognitive skills.

Method: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design was used for this trial. Participants with MCI (n = 59) were sorted into one of two sequences: Sham-tVNS or tVNS-Sham.

Associations between physical exercise type, fluid intelligence, executive function, and processing speed in the oldest-old (85 +).

Background: While much is known about the effects of physical exercise in adult humans, literature on the oldest-old (≥ 85 years old) is sparse. The present study explored the relationship between self-reported engagement in physical exercise and cognition in the oldest-old.

Methods: The sample included 184 cognitively healthy participants (98 females, MoCA mean score = 24.