Publications by authors named "Brian Chou"

Purpose: To characterize visual outcomes in Zone I and II open globe injuries with lens involvement.

Setting: Level 1 Trauma Center Hospital, Seattle WA.

Design: Retrospective case series.

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Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy (RT) to oligoprogressive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 23 patients with metastatic NSCLC on maintenance systemic therapy, developed oligoprogression (1 to 5 sites), and all oligoprogressive sites amenable to and treated with RT. The primary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and median time to start next-line therapy (MTT).

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Article Synopsis
  • Doctors use special scans like CT and MRI to help with prostate cancer treatment.
  • They created a computer program called PxCGAN that makes fake MRI images from CT scans to help when they can't use MRI.
  • Tests showed that these fake MRIs (sMRI) are just as good at showing the prostate as real MRIs (rMRI), which helps doctors treat patients better.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver tumor, with a continually rising incidence. The curative treatment for HCC is surgical resection or liver transplantation; however, only a small portion of patients are eligible due to local tumor burden or underlying liver dysfunction. Most HCC patients receive nonsurgical liver-directed therapies (LDTs), including thermal ablation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial radioembolization (TARE), and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

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As a result of treatment and diagnosis, adults with primary or metastatic brain tumors experience comorbidities that impacts their health and well-being. The Children's Oncology Group has guideline recommendations for childhood survivors of brain tumors; however, guidelines for monitoring long-term sequela among adult brain tumor survivors are lacking. The purpose of this review is to present the screening recommendations for the long-term complications after brain tumor treatment from a multidisciplinary panel of healthcare professionals.

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Background: Radiation-related lymphopenia has been associated with suboptimal tumor control rates leading to inferior survival outcomes. To date, no standardized dose constraints are available to limit radiation dose to resident and circulating lymphocyte populations. We undertook this systemic review of the literature to provide a synopsis of the dosimetric predictors of radiation-related lymphopenia in solid malignancies.

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In the modern era, cervical cancer treatment has become more multidisciplinary in nature. Accurate and precise staging based on clinical and radiographic findings, as well as identification of pathologic and molecular risk factors, may alter treatment recommendations. Additionally, the body of evidence guiding optimal treatment recommendations continues to grow.

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Purpose: To report a case of Sporothrix shenkii endophthalmitis successfully treated with local thermal therapy after failure of conventional systemic and local antifungal therapy.

Observations: A 44-year-old female on long-term immunosuppressive therapy for extrapulmonary sarcoidosis presented with bilateral Sporothrix shenkii endophthalmitis. Despite prolonged systemic antifungal therapy, numerous intraocular antifungal injections, and surgical intervention with vitrectomy and lensectomy, her condition worsened with progressively increased fungal burden in the anterior chamber.

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We present a case of spontaneous nontraumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage associated with anti-coagulation therapy and a new diagnosis of scurvy. A 68-year-old male on chronic anti-coagulation therapy presented with a retrobulbar hemorrhage requiring urgent canthotomy and cantholysis. Despite the absence of a supratherapeutic INR and normal clotting factors, the patient continued to have spontaneous hemorrhages within the orbit and elsewhere.

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Purpose: In growing children, craniospinal irradiation (CSI) has historically treated the entire vertebral body (VB) to avoid potential long-term spinal abnormalities. Vertebral body-sparing proton craniospinal irradiation (VBSpCSI) is a technique that spares the majority of the VB from significant irradiation, and long-term safety outcomes have been reported previously. This retrospective study reviews the acute toxicity profile of children treated with VBSpCSI in a cohort comparison with photon-based craniospinal radiotherapy (3DCRT).

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the clinical outcomes of patients with ocular inflammatory disease who developed antibodies against adalimumab (AAA) while on treatment.
  • Eight patients experienced a flare-up of their disease after initially responding to adalimumab, with AAA detected between 5 to 76 months into therapy.
  • The presence of AAA often resulted in undetectable drug levels, leading to the discontinuation of adalimumab in six out of eight patients, highlighting the need for AAA testing when there's a flare in previously controlled conditions.
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Purpose: To report optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings pre- and post-thermal laser therapy of a rare, asymptomatic, unilateral, isolated retinal hemangioblastoma.

Observations: A 40-year-old asymptomatic Caucasian man was found to have an isolated, unilateral retinal hemangioblastoma after referral for possible retinal hole. Comparison of OCTAs pre- and post-thermal laser therapy demonstrated a significant reduction of blood flow toward and within the lesion, in addition to contraction of the lesion and constriction of the accompanying feeder vessels.

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Purpose: To investigate the long-term effects of vertebral-body-sparing proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI) on the spine of young patients with medulloblastoma.

Methods And Materials: Six children between the ages of 3 and 5 years with medulloblastoma were treated with vertebral-body-sparing proton CSI after maximal safe resection. Radiation therapy was delivered in the supine position with posterior beams targeting the craniospinal axis, and the proton beam was stopped anterior to the thecal sac.

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Nanoparticle morphology has been shown to affect cellular uptake, but there are few studies investigating the impact of particle shape on biologic drug delivery. Recently, our group synthesized a series of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA)-oligolysine brush polymers for nucleic acid delivery that varied in oligolysine peptide length and polymer molecular weight. Interestingly, a 50% longer peptide (K15) transfected very poorly compared to the optimized polymer comprised of K10 peptide despite similar chemical composition and molecular weight.

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One of the major intracellular barriers to nonviral gene delivery is efficient endosomal escape. The incorporation of histidine residues into polymeric constructs has been found to increase endosomal escape via the proton sponge effect. Statistical and diblock copolymers of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), oligolysine, and oligohistidine were synthesized via reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and tested for in vitro transfection efficiency, buffering ability, and polyplex uptake mechanism via the use of chemical endocytic inhibitors.

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Quantitative analysis of the intracellular trafficking of nonviral vectors provides critical information that can guide the rational design of improved cationic systems for gene delivery. Subcellular fractionation methods, combined with radiolabeling, produce quantitative measurements of the intracellular trafficking of nonviral vectors and the therapeutic payload. In this work, differential and density-gradient centrifugation techniques were used to determine the intracellular distribution of radiolabeled 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine (bPEI)/plasmid DNA complexes ("polyplexes") in HeLa cells over time.

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ZO-1 is the major connexin-interacting protein in ROS 17/2.8 (ROS) osteoblastic cells. We examined the role of ZO-1 in Cx43-mediated gap junction formation and function in ROS cells that expressed the connexin-interacting fragment of ZO-1 (ROS/ZO-1dn) cells.

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Purpose: To evaluate the amount of miosis induced by over-minused lenses and to assess subjective reduction of halos following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with such lenses.

Methods: Part I: Infrared pupil diameter was assessed in 14 patients who had not had ocular surgery. The accommodative/miotic reflex was stimulated with concave trial lenses in -1.

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Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placement of Intacs in subjects with keratoconus.

Design: Retrospective, nonrandomized comparative trial.

Intervention: Intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation.

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