Testing the Reference of Biological Kind Terms.

Recent experimental work on "natural" kind terms has shown evidence of both descriptive and nondescriptive reference determination. This has led some to propose ambiguity or hybrid theories, as opposed to traditional description and causal-historical theories of reference. Many of those experiments tested theories against referential intuitions.

Prostate cancer: three-dimensional sonoelastography for in vitro detection.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) sonoelastographic imaging, relative to that of gray-scale ultrasonography (US), in the in vitro detection of prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: The study was approved by the institutional review board and was HIPAA compliant. Informed consent was obtained from all patients.

Three-dimensional registration of prostate images from histology and ultrasound.

A whole mount histology protocol for 3-D tissue reconstruction to compare the size and spatial location of tumors (and other components) identified in histology data with that from 3-D ultrasound (US) images is presented. Prostate specimens are imaged in 3-D using B-mode (US) and sonoelastography. The prostate surface is outlined in each B-mode image and a 3-D surface reconstruction is made.