The Human Lumbar Spine During High-Rate Under Seat Loading: A Combined Metric Injury Criteria.

Modern changes in warfare have shown an increased incidence of lumbar spine injuries caused by underbody blast events. The susceptibility of the lumbar spine during these scenarios could be exacerbated by coupled moments that act with the rapid compressive force depending on the occupant's seated posture. In this study, a combined loading lumbar spine vertebral body fracture injury criteria (L) across a range of postures was established from 75 tests performed on instrumented cadaveric lumbar spine specimens.

Anatomically-based skeletal coordinate systems for use with impact biomechanics data intended for anthropomorphic test device development.

Post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) are frequently used to characterize biomechanical response and injury tolerance of humans to various types of loading by means of instrumentation installed directly on the skeleton. Data extracted from such tests are often used to develop and validate anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), which function as human surrogates in tests for injury assessment. Given that the location and orientation of installed instrumentation differs between subjects, nominally similar measurements made on different PMHS must be transformed to standardized, skeletal-based local coordinate systems (LCS) before appropriate data comparisons can be made.

Unexpected outcomes associated with laser in situ keratomileusis: ptosis, anisocoria, and "curing" of exotropia.

Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a common and popular procedure that is generally associated with excellent results and few complications. We present 3 cases of unusual LASIK-related complications. In the first case, the patient developed anisocoria after otherwise unremarkable surgery.