Eligibility and Endpoints for Clinical Trials in Trimodality Therapy for Bladder Cancer.

Background: Trimodality therapy (TMT) is a viable option for muscle-invasive localized bladder cancer, providing an alternative to radical cystectomy in properly selected patients. The approval of novel therapeutics in different stages of bladder cancer treatment has sparked interest in exploring concurrent systemic therapies with radiation in clinical trials to enhance long-term outcomes. Achieving uniformity in trial eligibility criteria and endpoint definitions is imperative in describing clinical significance, comparing trials, and changing standard of care guidelines.

Laboratory demonstration of the prediction of wind-blown turbulence by adaptive optics at 8 kHz with use of LQG control.

The low-latency adaptive optical mirror system (LLAMAS) is designed to push the limits on achievable latencies and frame rates. It has 21 subapertures across its pupil. A reformulated version of the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) method predictive Fourier control is implemented in LLAMAS; for all modes, it takes just 30 µs to compute.

Modeling the hydrodynamic impact on the tool influence function during hemispherical subaperture optical polishing.

To fabricate high-precision and accurate optics relative to the optical design surface, a high level of deterministic control of material removal (i.e., the tool influence function, TIF) during subaperture tool polishing is required.

Design of optical systems that maximize as-built performance using tolerance/compensator-informed optimization.

We describe an approach that enables the design of optical systems for optimal performance when built, i.e., when user-selected tolerances and compensators are taken into account.

Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager's adaptive optics system.

The Gemini Planet Imager's adaptive optics (AO) subsystem was designed specifically to facilitate high-contrast imaging. A definitive description of the system's algorithms and technologies as built is given. 564 AO telemetry measurements from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey campaign are analyzed.

First light of the Gemini Planet imager.

The Gemini Planet Imager is a dedicated facility for directly imaging and spectroscopically characterizing extrasolar planets. It combines a very high-order adaptive optics system, a diffraction-suppressing coronagraph, and an integral field spectrograph with low spectral resolution but high spatial resolution. Every aspect of the Gemini Planet Imager has been tuned for maximum sensitivity to faint planets near bright stars.

Experimental demonstration of phase correction with a 32 x 32 microelectromechanical systems mirror and a spatially filtered wavefront sensor.

A 32 x 32 microelectromechanical systems deformable mirror is controlled in closed loop with a spatially filtered Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and a Fourier-transform wavefront reconstruction algorithm. A phase plate based on atmospheric turbulence statistics is used to generate a 1 microm peak-valley static phase aberration. Far-field images and direct phase measurements of the residual are used to compare performance with and without the spatial filter.

Concept for a laser guide beacon Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor with dynamically steered subapertures.

We describe an innovative implementation of the Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor that is designed to correct the perspective elongation of a laser guide beacon in adaptive optics. Subapertures are defined by the segments of a deformable mirror rather than by a conventional lenslet array. A bias tilt on each segment separates the beacon images on the sensor's detector.

Improved coronary disease detection with quantitative attenuation-corrected Tl-201 images.

Background: The normal distribution of myocardial tracer activity is different in attenuation-corrected images compared with uncorrected images. We therefore postulated that quantitation of attenuation-corrected thallium 201 images with direct comparison to a database of healthy subjects could improve detection of coronary artery stenoses.

Methods And Results: In 49 patients with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and 69 patients with a less than 5% likelihood of coronary artery disease, tomographic Tl-201 myocardial imaging was performed by means of a triple-headed camera with fan-beam collimators and the images were processed with attenuation correction, with attenuation and Compton scatter correction, and without correction.