Limited Role of MSAFP Screening for Prenatal Omphalocele Detection.

Objectives: Although serum screening for aneuploidies has become less prevalent, maternal-serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening for body-wall defects remains widespread. We explored whether MSAFP screening is associated with earlier omphalocele detection than ultrasound alone.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of prenatally detected omphalocele cases at our center from 2007 to 2023.

Prenatal Prognosis of Omphalocele Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of Fetal Lung Volumes.

Background: Omphalocele is a congenital midline abdominal wall defect resulting in herniation of viscera into a membrane-covered sac. Pulmonary complications, including pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension, and prolonged respiratory support are a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Objective(s): This study aimed to assess the role of fetal MRI-derived lung volumes and omphalocele defect size as clinical tools to prognosticate postnatal pulmonary morbidity and neonatal mortality in those with a prenatally diagnosed omphalocele (PDO).

Clinical exome sequencing uncovers genetic disorders in neonates with suspected hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: A retrospective analysis.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurs in up to 7 out of 1000 births and accounts for almost a quarter of neonatal deaths worldwide. Despite the name, many newborns with HIE have little evidence of perinatal hypoxia. We hypothesized that some infants with HIE have genetic disorders that resemble encephalopathy.

Umbilical cord gas analysis: clinical implications of a comprehensive, contemporary determination of normal ranges.

Background: Umbilical cord gases are often used to assess the impact of labor and delivery on the fetus. However, no large series exists that reflects contemporary obstetrical practice or that analyzed blood gas ranges by route of delivery. Baseline, prelabor acid-base status in the human fetus is also poorly defined, rendering the assessment of blood gas changes during labor difficult.

Meningioma: Signaling pathways and tumor growth.

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial brain tumor in adult humans; however, our understanding of meningioma tumorigenesis is relatively limited in comparison with the body of research available for other intracranial tumors such as gliomas. Here we briefly describe the current understanding of aberrant signaling pathways and tumor growth mechanisms responsible for meningioma differentiation, cellular growth, development, inhibition, and death. Numerous cellular functions impacted by these signaling pathways are critical for angiogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis.

Using micro-computed tomography to examine the larynx in cases of suspected strangulation-a comparison of case findings and control images.

The examination of strangulation is one of the most challenging causes of death diagnoses encountered in forensic pathology. The injuries are often subtle and difficult to detect, especially in cases that lack superficial marks. Fractures of the laryngeal skeleton are commonly regarded as evidence of strangulation but these can be too subtle to be detected during autopsy.