Comparison of ground reaction force asymmetry in one- and two-legged countermovement jumps.

This study examined whether ground reaction force (GRF) asymmetry of 2-legged countermovement jumps (CMJ) is related to 1-legged CMJ asymmetry. The GRF asymmetry of a 2-legged CMJ has been suggested as a preferred test to the 1-legged CMJ for functional strength and power deficit assessment. Twenty-eight men and 30 women performed 5 trials each of a 1-legged CMJ with the right limband the left limb, and a 2-legged CMJ.

Kinanthropometric differences between 1997 World championship junior elite and 2011 national junior elite triathletes.

Objectives: In 1997, anthropometry measures were made to determine the body size and shapes of both senior and junior elite triathletes. Since then, the junior event distance has changed and the optimal morphology of participants may have evolved. Thus the objective of this study was to compare the morphology of 1997 World championship junior elite triathlon competitors with junior elite competitors in 2011.

Cadence, Stride Rate and Stride Length during Triathlon Competition.

Triathlon research shows cycling alters the physiological response of subsequent running but, at present, biomechanical changes are unresolved. This study examined cycling cadence and running stride rate (SR) and length (SL) used by senior elite triathletes during competition. These variables were then compared to running and triathlon performance.

Short and long-term adherence to swimming and walking programs in older women--the Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial (SWEAT 2).

Objective: To examine in previously sedentary older women the effects of exercise mode and a behavioural intervention on short and long-term retention and adherence.

Methods: Healthy, sedentary women aged 50-70 years (N=116) were randomly assigned to a supervised 6-month swimming or walking program 3 sessions a week. They were further randomised to usual care or a behavioural intervention.

Swim Positioning and its Influence on Triathlon Outcome.

Questions have been raised regarding which of the three legs of a triathlon influences the final finishing position. Some coaches subjectively believe that the swim and run are more important than the cycle, especially since the introduction of drafting during the cycle. This study analysed race position shifts between each of the three disciplines to assess the importance of the swim finish position and final finish position during draft legal Olympic distance triathlon events.

Maternal physiological responses to swimming training during the second trimester of pregnancy.

Maternal submaximal aerobic fitness (PWC170) was measured before, during, and after 12 weeks of swimming training during the second trimester of pregnancy in 23 sedentary women. For comparison, 11 women maintained their normal activities, but did not swim. Training sessions were 3 times per week for 40 min, producing heart rate (HR) responses of 65%-70% of estimated maximum HR and increases in rectal temperature (n = 8) of approximately 0.

Blood pressure rise with swimming versus walking in older women: the Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial 2 (SWEAT 2).

Objective: Swimming is often recommended in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Few studies have investigated the effect of swimming training on blood pressure (BP). Our objective was to evaluate 6 months of supervised moderate swimming or walking on BP in previously sedentary, normotensive, older women.

Effects of 4 weeks of creatine supplementation in junior swimmers on freestyle sprint and swim bench performance.

To determine whether 4 weeks of oral creatine (Cr) supplementation could enhance single freestyle sprint and swim bench performance in experienced competitive junior swimmers, 10 young men and 10 young women (x age = 16.4 +/- 1.8 years) participated in a 27-day supplementation period and pre- and posttesting sessions.

Secular changes in the stature and mass of Western Australian secondary school children.

Anthropometric data for 4,683 Western Australian secondary school chidren from the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia, were compared with figures compiled in 1940 from the same area. In the 44 year period, the average stature of 12- to 18-year-old males increased by approximately 4% in each 1 year age band and average body mass increased by 15%. Over the same period, girls of similar age showed stature increases with a mean value of 2% for each 1 year age group and average mass increases of 11%.