Role of the interstitium during septic shock: a key to the understanding of fluid dynamics?

Background: While not traditionally included in the conceptual understanding of circulation, the interstitium plays a critical role in maintaining fluid homeostasis. Fluid balance regulation is a critical aspect of septic shock, with a well-known association between fluid balance and outcome. The regulation of transcapillary flow is the first key to understand fluid homeostasis during sepsis.

Investigation of Glypican-4 and -6 by Infrared Spectral Imaging during the Hair Growth Cycle.

The expression of glypicans in different hair follicle (HF) compartments is still poorly understood. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) distribution in HF is classically investigated by conventional histology, biochemical analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Our previous study proposed a novel approach to assess hair histology and glypican-1 (GPC1) distribution changes in the HF at different phases of the hair growth cycle using infrared spectral imaging (IRSI).

An Innovative 3D-Printed Insert Designed to Enable Straightforward 2D and 3D Cell Cultures.

The classical analyses of indirect communication between different cell types necessitate the use of conditioned media. Moreover, the production of conditioned media remains time-consuming and far from physiological and pathological conditions. Although a few models of co-culture are commercially available, they remain restricted to specific assays and are mostly for two types of cells.

Regulation of stem cell fate by HSPGs: implication in hair follicle cycling.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are part of proteoglycan family. They are composed of heparan sulfate (HS)-type glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains covalently linked to a core protein. By interacting with growth factors and/or receptors, they regulate numerous pathways including Wnt, hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways.

Differential MMP-14 targeting by biglycan, decorin, fibromodulin, and lumican unraveled by in silico approach.

Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are major regulators of extracellular matrix assembly and cell signaling. Lumican, a member of the SLRPs family, and its derived peptides were shown to possess antitumor activity by interacting directly with the catalytic domain of MMP-14 leading to the inhibition of its activity. The aim of the present report was to characterize by in silico three-dimensional (3D) modeling the structure and the dynamics of four SLRPs including their core protein and their specific polysaccharide chains to assess their capacity to bind to MMP-14 and to regulate its activity.

The Glypican-1/HGF/C-Met and Glypican-1/VEGF/VEGFR2 Ternary Complexes Regulate Hair Follicle Angiogenesis.

The hair renewal involves changes in the morphology of the hair follicle and its micro-vascularization. In alopecia, the hair cycle is accelerated, resulting in the formation of thinner and shorter hair. In addition, alopecia is associated with a decrease in the micro-vascularization of the hair follicles.

Assessment of Ovarian Tumor Growth in Wild-Type and Lumican-Deficient Mice: Insights Using Infrared Spectral Imaging, Histopathology, and Immunohistochemistry.

Ovarian cancer remains one of the most fatal cancers due to a lack of robust screening methods of detection at early stages. Extracellular matrix (ECM) mediates interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment via specific molecules. Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP), maintains ECM integrity and inhibits both melanoma primary tumor development, as well as metastatic spread.

Differential MMP-14 Targeting by Lumican-Derived Peptides Unraveled by In Silico Approach.

Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) of the extracellular matrix (ECM), displays anti-tumor properties through its direct interaction with MMP-14. Lumican-derived peptides, such as lumcorin (17 amino acids) or L9M (10 amino acids), are able to inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMP-14 and melanoma progression. This work aimed to visualize the interactions of lumican-derived peptides and MMP-14.

Lumican Inhibits In Vivo Melanoma Metastasis by Altering Matrix-Effectors and Invadopodia Markers.

It was reported that lumican inhibits the activity of metalloproteinase MMP-14 and melanoma cell migration in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Snail triggers epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the metastatic potential of cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of lumican on Mock and Snail overexpressing melanoma B16F1 cells in vivo.

Hair Histology and Glycosaminoglycans Distribution Probed by Infrared Spectral Imaging: Focus on Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan and Glypican-1 during Hair Growth Cycle.

The expression of glypicans in different hair follicle (HF) compartments and their potential roles during hair shaft growth are still poorly understood. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) distribution in HFs is classically investigated by conventional histology, biochemical analysis, and immunohistochemistry. In this report, a novel approach is proposed to assess hair histology and HSPG distribution changes in HFs at different phases of the hair growth cycle using infrared spectral imaging (IRSI).

Infrared Microspectroscopy and Imaging Analysis of Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells and Their GAG Secretome.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/proteoglycans (PGs) play a pivotal role in the metastasis of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). They represent biomarkers and targets in diagnosis and treatment of different cancers including breast cancer. Thus, GAGs/PGs could represent potential prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers for IBC.

Glypican-1 Level Is Elevated in Extracellular Vesicles Released from MC38 Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells Overexpressing Snail.

The transcription factor Snail triggers epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), endowing cancer cells with invasive properties during tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cancer cells at various stages of cancer progression are known to influence the tumor pre-metastatic niche and metastatic potential. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Snail on murine colon adenocarcinoma cells (MC38 line) and on the characteristics of their EVs.

HS2ST1-dependent signaling pathways determine breast cancer cell viability, matrix interactions, and invasive behavior.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) act as signaling co-receptors by interaction of their sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains with numerous signaling molecules. In breast cancer, the function of heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase (HS2ST1), the enzyme mediating 2-O-sulfation of HS, is largely unknown. Hence, a comparative study on the functional consequences of HS2ST1 overexpression and siRNA knockdown was performed in the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231.

Label-Free Infrared Spectral Histology of Skin Tissue Part II: Impact of a Lumican-Derived Peptide on Melanoma Growth.

Melanoma is the most aggressive type of cutaneous malignancies. In addition to its role as a regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, also exhibits anti-tumor properties in melanoma. This work focuses on the use of infrared spectral imaging (IRSI) and histopathology (IRSH) to study the effect of lumican-derived peptide (L9Mc) on B16F1 melanoma primary tumor growth.

Label-Free Infrared Spectral Histology of Skin Tissue Part I: Impact of Lumican on Extracellular Matrix Integrity.

Proteoglycans (PG) play an important role in maintaining the extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity. Lumican, a small leucine rich PG, is one such actor capable of regulating such properties. In this study, the integrity of the dermis of lumican-deleted vs.

Tumor Microenvironment: Extracellular Matrix Alterations Influence Tumor Progression.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of various cell types embedded in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM not only serves as a support for tumor cell but also regulates cell-cell or cell-matrix cross-talks. Alterations in ECM may be induced by hypoxia and acidosis, by oxygen free radicals generated by infiltrating inflammatory cells or by tumor- or stromal cell-secreted proteases.

Evaluation of lumican effects on morphology of invading breast cancer cells, expression of integrins and downstream signaling.

The small leucine-rich proteoglycan lumican regulates estrogen receptors (ERs)-associated functional properties of breast cancer cells, expression of matrix macromolecules, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. However, it is not known whether the ER-dependent lumican effects on breast cancer cells are related to the expression of integrins and their intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we analyzed the effects of lumican in three breast cancer cell lines: the highly metastatic ERβ-positive MDA-MB-231, cells with the respective ERβ-suppressed (shERβMDA-MB-231), and lowly invasive ERα-positive MCF-7/c breast cancer cells.

Decreased expression of GPC1 in human skin keratinocytes and epidermis during ageing.

Background: Glypicans (GPCs) are heparan sulfate cell membrane proteoglycans containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. They play important role in cell behavior by activating/presenting numerous growth factors and cytokines.

Objectives: The expression of GPCs was investigated in primary culture of skin keratinocytes sampled from healthy donors of different age.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invadopodia markers in breast cancer: Lumican a key regulator.

A great hallmark of breast cancer is the absence or presence of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, with a dominant role in cell proliferation, differentiation and cancer progression. Both receptors are related with Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) since there is a relation between ERs and extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules expression, and therefore, cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. The endocrine resistance of ERα endows epithelial cells with increased aggressiveness and induces cell proliferation, resulting into a mesenchymal phenotype and an EMT status.

Characterization of inflammatory breast cancer: a vibrational microspectroscopy and imaging approach at the cellular and tissue level.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) has a poor prognosis because of the lack of specific biomarkers and its late diagnosis. An accurate and rapid diagnosis implemented early enough can significantly improve the disease outcome. Vibrational spectroscopy has proven to be useful for cell and tissue characterization based on the intrinsic molecular information.

Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes a highly dynamic three-dimensional structural network comprised of macromolecules, such as proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans (PGs/GAGs), collagens, laminins, fibronectin, elastin, other glycoproteins and proteinases. In recent years, the field of PGs has expanded rapidly. Due to their high structural complexity and heterogeneity, PGs mediate several homeostatic and pathological processes.

Lumican as a multivalent effector in wound healing.

Wound healing, a complex physiological process, is responsible for tissue repair after exposure to destructive stimuli, without resulting in complete functional regeneration. Injuries can be stromal or epithelial, and most cases of wound repair have been studied in the skin and cornea. Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, is expressed in the extracellular matrices of several tissues, such as the cornea, cartilage, and skin.

Small leucine-rich proteoglycans and matrix metalloproteinase-14: Key partners?

Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are important regulators of extracellular matrix assembly and cell signaling. They are a family of proteoglycans that are present in extracellular matrix and that share in common multiple repeats of a leucine-rich structural motif. SLRPs have been identified as inhibitors of cancer progression by affecting MMPs, especially MMP-14 activity.

Lumican delays melanoma growth in mice and drives tumor molecular assembly as well as response to matrix-targeted TAX2 therapeutic peptide.

Lumican is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) being known as a key regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis. However, little attention has been given so far in studying its influence on tumor-associated matrix architecture. Here, we investigate the role of host lumican on tumor matrix organization as well as on disease progression considering an immunocompetent model of melanoma implanted in Lum vs.

Probing glycosaminoglycan spectral signatures in live cells and their conditioned media by Raman microspectroscopy.

Spectroscopic markers characteristic of reference glycosaminoglycan molecules were identified previously based on their vibrational signatures. Infrared spectral signatures of glycosaminoglycans in fixed cells were also recently demonstrated but probing live cells still remains challenging. Raman microspectroscopy is potentially interesting to perform studies under physiological conditions.