Metabarcoding reveals ecologically distinct fungal assemblages in river and groundwater along an Austrian alpine to lowland gradient.

Biodiversity, the source of origin, and ecological roles of fungi in groundwater are to this day a largely neglected field in fungal and freshwater ecology. We used DNA-based Illumina high-throughput sequence analysis of both fungal gene markers 5.8S and internal transcribed spacers region 2 (ITS2), improving taxonomic classification.

The largely neglected ecological role of oceanic pelagic fungi.

Most investigations into ocean ecology and biogeochemistry have tended to focus on marine bacteria, archaea, and protists, while pelagic fungi (mycoplankton) have traditionally been neglected and considered to reside only in association with benthic solid substrates. Nevertheless, recent studies have revealed that pelagic fungi are distributed ubiquitously throughout the water column in every ocean basin and play an active role in the degradation of organic matter and the cycling of nutrients. We review the current status of knowledge on the ecology of mycoplankton and highlight knowledge gaps and challenges.

Greenness and equity: Complex connections between intra-neighborhood contexts and residential tree planting implementation.

Associations between neighborhood greenness and socioeconomic status (SES) are established, yet intra-neighborhood context and SES-related barriers to tree planting remain unclear. Large-scale tree planting implementation efforts are increasingly common and can improve human health, strengthen climate adaptation, and ameliorate environmental inequities. Yet, these efforts may be ineffective without in-depth understanding of local SES inequities and barriers to residential planting.

Physiological Properties of Three Pelagic Fungi Isolated from the Atlantic Ocean.

Oceanic fungi are widely understudied compared to their terrestrial counterparts. However, they have been shown to be important degraders of organic matter in the global pelagic oceans. By examining the physiological characteristics of fungi isolated from the pelagic waters of the ocean it is possible to infer specific functions of each species in the biogeochemical processes that occur in the marine ecosystem.

Global contribution of pelagic fungi to protein degradation in the ocean.

Background: Fungi are important degraders of organic matter responsible for reintegration of nutrients into global food chains in freshwater and soil environments. Recent evidence suggests that they are ubiquitously present in the oceanic water column where they play an active role in the degradation of carbohydrates. However, their role in processing other abundant biomolecules in the ocean in comparison with that of prokaryotes remains enigmatic.

Autofluorescence Is a Common Trait in Different Oceanic Fungi.

Natural autofluorescence is a widespread phenomenon observed in different types of tissues and organisms. Depending on the origin of the autofluorescence, its intensity can provide insights on the physiological state of an organism. Fungal autofluorescence has been reported in terrestrial and human-derived fungal samples.

Adapting an Ergosterol Extraction Method with Marine Yeasts for the Quantification of Oceanic Fungal Biomass.

Ergosterol has traditionally been used as a proxy to estimate fungal biomass as it is almost exclusively found in fungal lipid membranes. Ergosterol determination has been mostly used for fungal samples from terrestrial, freshwater, salt marsh- and mangrove-dominated environments or to describe fungal degradation of plant matter. In the open ocean, however, the expected concentrations of ergosterol are orders of magnitude lower than in terrestrial or macrophyte-dominated coastal systems.

Ferroelectric field-effect transistors based on HfO: a review.

In this article, we review the recent progress of ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) based on ferroelectric hafnium oxide (HfO), ten years after the first report on such a device. With a focus on the use of FeFET for nonvolatile memory application, we discuss its basic operation principles, switching mechanisms, device types, material properties and array structures. Key device performance metrics such as cycling endurance, retention, memory window, multi-level operation and scaling capability are analyzed.

Frequency Mixing with HfO-Based Ferroelectric Transistors.

Second harmonic generation (SHG) and frequency mixing of electrical signals are fundamental for a wide range of radiofrequency applications. Recently, ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs), made from ferroelectric hafnium oxide (HfO), have demonstrated promising SHG capabilities because of their unique symmetric transfer curves. In this paper, we illustrate how this symmetry is highly sensitive to material properties by varying the thickness of the ferroelectric layer and the doping of the silicon substrate.

Educational and career goal attainments in young adult childhood cancer survivors.

Purpose: Examine the educational and career outcomes of young adult childhood cancer survivors.

Design And Methods: Descriptive study design using a survey sent to 336 survivors. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately.

MEKC-LIF of gamma-amino butyric acid in microdialysate: systematic optimization of the separation conditions by factorial analysis.

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography allows the efficient separation of biogenic amines and amino acids in biological samples. Analytes of interest, sample composition, and sample matrix may vary between studies, which necessitates optimization of separations to meet the requirements and conditions of an experiment. Factorial analysis is an efficient tool to accomplish this type of optimization involving multiple interacting factors.

Lipid vesicles in capillary electrophoretic techniques: characterization of structural properties and associated membrane-molecule interactions.

This paper reviews the use of lipid vesicles as model membranes in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The history and utility of CE in the characterization of microparticles is summarized, focusing on the application of colloidal electromigration theories to lipid vesicles. For instance, CE experiments have been used to characterize the size, surface properties, enclosed volumes, and electrophoretic mobilities of lipid vesicles and of lipoprotein particles.

Study of lipid and apolipoprotein binding interactions using vesicle affinity capillary electrophoresis.

Vesicle affinity capillary electrophoresis (VCE), a newly developed technique, was designed to assess the effect of physicochemical properties of apolipoprotein (apo) on the binding to lipoproteins, under physiological conditions (phosphate-saline buffer system at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C), using vesicle as a model. The technique results in similar lipid binding properties of apo CIII (CIII) and its peptides compared to other techniques.

Apolipoprotein C-III displacement of apolipoprotein E from VLDL: effect of particle size.

ApoC-III and apoE are important determinants of intravascular lipolysis and clearance of triglyceride-rich chylomicrons and VLDL from the blood plasma. Interactions of these two apolipoproteins were studied by adding purified human apoC-III to human plasma at levels observed in hypertriglyceridemic subjects and incubating under specific conditions (2 h, 37 degrees C). As plasma concentrations of apoC-III protein were increased, the contents in both VLDL and HDL were also increased.

Quantitative retention-biological activity relationship study by micellar liquid chromatography.

In a previous paper, the usefulness of micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) in predicting octanol-water partition coefficients of organic compounds was reported. This paper is the first successful report of a quantitative retention-activity relationship study using the retention factor in MLC for predicting the biological activity of a group of phenolic compounds. Excellent correlation was obtained between the capacity factor in MLC and the bioactivity (measured as log 1/C, where C is the 50% inhibitory growth concentration) of 26 para-substituted phenols.

Simultaneous optimization of variables influencing selectivity and elution strength in micellar liquid chromatography. Effect of organic modifier and micelle concentration.

Previously, the simultaneous enhancement of separation selectivity with elution strength was reported in micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) using the hybrid eluents of water-organic solvent-micelles. The practical implication of this phenomenon is that better separations can be achieved in shorter analysis times by using the hybrid eluents. Since both micelle concentration and volume fraction of organic modifier influence selectivity and solvent strength, only an investigation of the effects of a simultaneous variation of these parameters will disclose the full separation capability of the method, i.

Simultaneous enhancement of separation selectivity and solvent strength in reversed-phase liquid chromatography using micelles in hydro-organic solvents.

The role of micelles and organic solvents as the modifiers of the aqueous mobile phase in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) in controlling retention and selectivity is discussed. Elution strength increases in RPLC with an increase in organic solvent or micelle concentration. Simultaneous enhancement of separation selectivity with elution strength in the hybrid eluents of water-organic solvent-micelles was observed.