Enhancing the sweat resistance of sunscreens.

Background: While sunbathing of performing outdoor sport activities, sunscreens are important for protection of uncovered skin against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, perspiration negatively affects the performance of a sunscreen film by weakening its substantivity and uniformity through the activation of two mechanisms, namely sunscreen wash-off and sunscreen redistribution.

Material And Methods: We used a perspiring skin simulator to investigate the effect of sunscreen formulation on its efficiency upon sweating.

Systematic Review of Technical Variations for Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Melanoma.

Background: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for cutaneous melanoma is becoming more prevalent, but surgical technique varies.

Objective: To define variations in published techniques for MMS for melanoma.

Methods And Materials: A systematic review was performed of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases to identify all articles describing surgical techniques for MMS for melanoma.

Can Approaching Anxiety Like a Habit Lead to Novel Treatments?

Anxiety disorders make up the most prevalent class of mental illnesses. Given the growing prevalence of anxiety in the United States and beyond, there is an urgent clinical need to develop nonpharmacologic treatments that effectively treat and reduce its core symptoms (eg, worry). A leading theory posits that although worrying may be unpleasant, the immediate emotions that are avoided by concentrating on worry are often perceived as more aversive (eg, fear, anger, grief).

Negative Mood and Food Craving Strength Among Women with Overweight: Implications for Targeting Mechanisms Using a Mindful Eating Intervention.

Objectives: When experiencing negative mood, people often eat to improve their mood. A learned association between mood and eating may cultivate frequent food cravings, detracting from health goals. Training in mindful eating may target this cycle of emotion-craving-eating by teaching individuals to manage urges when experiencing negative mood.

Awareness, affect, and craving during smoking cessation: An experience sampling study.

Objective: Mindfulness has received attention in smoking cessation research, yet the mechanisms by which mindfulness may promote smoking cessation are not well understood. Mindfulness training may help individuals increase awareness and respond skillfully to processes that contribute to smoking, such as affective states and craving. This study used experience sampling (ES) to test how awareness was related to craving, positive and negative affect and smoking, in the moment, among smokers in treatment for smoking cessation.

ECMO after cardiac surgery: a single center study on survival and optimizing outcomes.

Background: The study purpose is to examine survival prognostic and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) application outcomes at our tertiary care center.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis, January 2014 to September 2019. We analyzed 60 patients who underwent cardiac surgery and required peri-operative ECMO.

Walking the Tightrope: Reevaluating science communication in the era of COVID-19 vaccines.

Scientists are trained to be skeptical and not overstate the existing evidence. This cautiousness is a valuable asset when working in scientific research, where the goal is the pursuit of knowledge and truth. It becomes a handicap when scientists are asked to communicate to the public about pressing topics such as COVID-19 vaccines.

Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease: do differences in tau explain the verbal memory gap?

To determine if sex differences in verbal memory in AD are related to differences in extent or distribution of pathological tau, we studied 275 participants who were amyloid PET positive and carried clinical classifications of normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, and had tau (AV1451) PET. We compared tau distribution between men and women, and as a function of genetic risk. In MCI we further explored the relationship between quantity and distribution of tau in relation to verbal memory scores.

Patched regulates lipid homeostasis by controlling cellular cholesterol levels.

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is essential during development and in organ physiology. In the canonical pathway, Hh binding to Patched (PTCH) relieves the inhibition of Smoothened (SMO). Yet, PTCH may also perform SMO-independent functions.

Preclinical models of arthritis for studying immunotherapy and immune tolerance.

Increasingly earlier identification of individuals at high risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (eg, with autoantibodies and mild symptoms) improves the feasibility of preventing or curing disease. The use of antigen-specific immunotherapies to reinstate immunological self-tolerance represent a highly attractive strategy due to their potential to induce disease resolution, in contrast to existing approaches that require long-term treatment of underlying symptoms.Preclinical animal models have been used to understand disease mechanisms and to evaluate novel immunotherapeutic approaches.

Efficacy of nonexcisional treatment modalities for superficially invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are prevalent conditions that are increasing in incidence worldwide. Many nonexcisional treatments are commonly used, but the efficacy of these treatments has not been well delineated.

Objectives: To examine the recurrence rates of SCCIS and SCC treated with nonexcisional treatment modalities.

Survival outcomes in older men with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor inhibitors: a US Food and Drug Administration pooled analysis of patient-level data from three randomised trials.

Background: Little is known about the benefit-risk profile of second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors in older men with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors in men aged 80 years or older with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Methods: We searched for all randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration before Aug 15, 2020, and pooled data from three trials that met the selection criteria.

Awareness drives changes in reward value which predict eating behavior change: Probing reinforcement learning using experience sampling from mobile mindfulness training for maladaptive eating.

Background And Aims: Maladaptive eating habits are a major cause of obesity and weight-related illness. The development of empirically-based approaches, such as mindfulness training (MT) that target accurate mechanisms of action to address these behaviors is therefore critical. Two studies were conducted to examine the impact of MT on maladaptive eating and determine the involvement of reinforcement learning mechanisms underlying these effects.

A mindfulness-based mobile health (mHealth) intervention among psychologically distressed university students in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial.

This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of a mindfulness-based mobile health (mHealth) intervention, tailored to the pandemic context, among young adult students (N = 114) with elevated anxiety and/or depressive symptoms during quarantine in China, compared to a time- and attention-matched social support-based mHealth control. At baseline, postintervention (1 month), and 2-month follow-up, participants completed self-reports of primary outcomes (anxiety and depression), secondary outcomes (mindfulness and social support), and emotional suppression as a culturally relevant mechanism of change. Feasibility and acceptability were also evaluated.

Pediatric Posterior Sternoclavicular Dislocation Closed Reduction and Management.

Posterior sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocations are rare shoulder girdle injuries. Despite the paucity of cases, posterior SCJ dislocations pose an important threat to patient safety because of the proximity of the medial clavicle to the mediastinum, resulting in possible compression and/or injury to these structures. Current guidelines recommend attempting closed reduction in the acute setting followed by open reduction if closed reduction is unsuccessful.

Recurrence and mortality rates with different treatment approaches of Merkel cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Comprehensive treatment recommendations for Merkel cell carcinoma are complex. We aimed to systematically review the published data on recurrence and mortality rates associated with various treatment approaches for Merkel cell carcinoma.

Methods: Search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to August 2015.

Reach versus effectiveness: The design and protocol of randomized clinical trial testing a smartphone application versus in-person mindfulness-based smoking cessation intervention among young cancer survivors.

Approximately 45% of young cancer survivors (18-40 years) are cigarette smokers. Continued smoking after cancer diagnosis leads to lower survival rates. A major logistical problem with smoking cessation efforts in this group is their geographic dispersion which makes them hard to reach.

Vaccinomics: a cross-sectional survey of public values.

: We characterize public values regarding vaccinomics, which aims to improve vaccine safety and effectiveness using genomics. Panel survey (2020) of ≥18-year-olds with embedded animation introduced vaccinomics. Sociodemographic, health, and vaccination-related items were adapted from validated scales.

Hemorrhagic complications of cutaneous surgery for patients taking antithrombotic therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cutaneous operations are generally safe procedures with minimal major risks. Excessive bleeding occasionally occurs, especially for patients taking antithrombotic medications. Conversely, stopping these medications before cutaneous surgery may increase the risk of a thromboembolic event.

Intranasal Insulin Reduces White Matter Hyperintensity Progression in Association with Improvements in Cognition and CSF Biomarker Profiles in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Intranasally administered insulin has shown promise in both rodent and human studies in Alzheimer's disease; however, both effects and mechanisms require elucidation.

Objective: We assessed the effects of intranasally administered insulin on white matter health and its association with cognition and cerebral spinal fluid biomarker profiles in adults with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease in secondary analyses from a prior phase 2 clinical trial (NCT01767909).

Design: A randomized (1:1) double-blind clinical trial.

Mindfulness-based interventions among people of color: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the United States, people of color (POC) are disproportionately affected by various sources of stress and prevalent mental and physical health issues that may benefit from Mindfulness-based Interventions (MBIs). However, effects of MBIs for POC are unclear. This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of MBIs through randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included predominately POC (≥75% of the sample).

Improving communication between healthcare providers and pulmonary arterial hypertension patients: a survey of patient preferences.

Effective communication within the patient-provider relationship is a key aspect of shared decision-making and associated with several positive patient outcomes. Although previous studies suggest that patients' and providers' conceptualization of what constitutes effective communication differ, there is no available literature discussing patient preferences for communication. The objective of this study was to determine the words and phrases pulmonary arterial hypertension patients prefer to hear when discussing their disease with their physician.