Convergent Validity of the Short Recovery and Stress Scale in Collegiate Weightlifters.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in collegiate weightlifters' external training load, biochemical markers, and jumping performance correlate to changes in items of the Short Recovery and Stress Scale (SRSS) throughout four microcycles. Twelve well-trained weightlifters (8 males, 4 females; age 24.30 ± 4.

Salt-Sensitive Hypertension, Renal Injury, and Renal Vasodysfunction Associated With Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats Are Abolished in Consomic SS.BN1 Rats.

Background Abnormal renal hemodynamic responses to salt-loading are thought to contribute to salt-sensitive (SS) hypertension. However, this is based largely on studies in anesthetized animals, and little data are available in conscious SS and salt-resistant rats. Methods and Results We assessed arterial blood pressure, renal function, and renal blood flow during administration of a 0.

High Prevalence of Buprenorphine in Prenatal Drug Screens in an Appalachian City.

Objectives: To define the magnitude of buprenorphine presence in the urine drug screens of pregnant women and to assess the presence of illicit buprenorphine use versus the presence of prescribed buprenorphine use.

Methods: Initial prenatal drug screen results for all pregnant patients in our practice for a 1-year period were analyzed and tabulated.

Results: Buprenorphine was found in the urine drug screens of 16% of pregnant patients.

Characteristics of a National Level Female Weightlifter Peaking for Competition: A Case Study.

Bazyler, CD, Mizuguchi, S, Zourdos, MC, Sato, K, Kavanaugh, AA, DeWeese, BH, Breuel, KF, and Stone, MH. Characteristics of a national level female weightlifter peaking for competition: A case study. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3029-3038, 2018-This study investigated physiological and performance changes of a national-level 69 kg female weightlifter after 3 competition phases over a 28-week training period.

Scavenger receptor class a plays a central role in mediating mortality and the development of the pro-inflammatory phenotype in polymicrobial sepsis.

Sepsis is a frequent complication in critical illness. The mechanisms that are involved in initiation and propagation of the disease are not well understood. Scavenger receptor A (SRA) is a membrane receptor that binds multiple polyanions such as oxidized LDL and endotoxin.

Activation of myocardial phosphoinositide-3-kinase p110α ameliorates cardiac dysfunction and improves survival in polymicrobial sepsis.

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt dependent signaling has been shown to improve outcome in sepsis/septic shock. There is also ample evidence that PI3K/Akt dependent signaling plays a crucial role in maintaining normal cardiac function. We hypothesized that PI3K/Akt signaling may ameliorate septic shock by attenuating sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.

Prunella vulgaris aqueous extract attenuates IL-1β-induced apoptosis and NF-κB activation in INS-1 cells.

We previously reported that Prunella vulgaris aqueous extract (PVAE) promotes hepatic glycogen synthesis and decreases postprandial hyperglycemia in ICR mice. Inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study was designed to examine whether PVAE has a protective effect on IL-1β-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells.

Activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha in resident peritoneal macrophages by Listeria monocytogenes involves listeriolysin O and TLR2.

Eicosanoid production by macrophages is an early response to microbial infection that promotes acute inflammation. The intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes stimulates arachidonic acid release and eicosanoid production from resident mouse peritoneal macrophages through activation of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2alpha). The ability of wild type L.

Differential regulation of lipopolysaccharide and Gram-positive bacteria induced cytokine and chemokine production in macrophages by Galpha(i) proteins.

Heterotrimeric G(i) proteins play a role in signalling activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and group B streptococci (GBS), leading to production of inflammatory mediators. We hypothesized that genetic deletion of G(i) proteins would alter cytokine and chemokine production induced by LPS, SA and GBS stimulation. LPS-induced, heat-killed SA-induced and heat-killed GBS-induced cytokine and chemokine production in peritoneal macrophages from wild-type (WT), Galpha(i2) (-/-) or Galpha(i1/3) (-/-) mice were investigated.

Differential regulation of lipopolysaccharide and Gram-positive bacteria induced cytokine and chemokine production in splenocytes by Galphai proteins.

Heterotrimeric Gi proteins play a role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) activated signaling leading to inflammatory mediator production. We hypothesized that genetic deletion of Gi proteins would alter cytokine and chemokine production induced by LPS and SA. LPS- and heat killed SA-induced cytokine and chemokine production in splenocytes from wild type (WT), Galpha(i2) (-/-) or Galpha(i1/3) (-/-) mice were investigated.

Gi proteins regulate lipopolysaccharide and Staphylococcus aureus induced cytokine production but not (1--> 3)-beta-D-glucan induced cytokine suppression.

Previous studies have demonstrated that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and heat killed Staphylococcus aureus (SA) activation of inflammatory cells depended in part upon activation of heterotrimeric Gi proteins. It has also been shown that (1 --> 3) beta-D-glucan can suppress inflammatory cell activation by microbial products although the cellular mechanism of the glucan effect remains to be clearly defined. We hypothesized that Gi proteins function as a common convergent signaling pathway for both LPS and SA leading to monocyte mediator production.

Measurement of mast cell cytokine release by multiplex assay.

Mast cells are highly responsive cells that are capable of secreting a variety of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, heparin, serine proteases, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes. Studies from several laboratories have demonstrated that mast cells have the capacity to produce a variety of cytokines in response to various stimuli. Characterization of the cytokine profiles in mast cells has routinely been determined by the performance of individual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Embryo development and survival in beef cattle administered ergotamine tartrate to simulate fescue toxicosis.

Two experiments were performed to determine whether administration of ergotamine tartrate altered embryo development (Exp. 1) and uterine competency to establish pregnancy (Exp. 2) in beef cattle.

Oral delivery and gastrointestinal absorption of soluble glucans stimulate increased resistance to infectious challenge.

Glucans are immunomodulatory carbohydrates found in the cell walls of fungi and certain bacteria. We examined the pharmacokinetics of three water-soluble glucans (glucan phosphate, laminarin, and scleroglucan) after oral administration of 1 mg/kg doses in rats. Maximum plasma concentrations for glucan phosphate occurred at 4 h.

At low serum glucan concentrations there is an inverse correlation between serum glucan and serum cytokine levels in ICU patients with infections.

Glucans are fungal cell wall glucose polymers that are released into the blood of infected patients. The role of glucans in infection is unknown. We examined serum glucan and cytokine levels in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with infections.

Differential regulation of cytokine and chemokine production in lipopolysaccharide-induced tolerance and priming.

LPS pretreatment of human pro-monocytic THP-1 cells induces tolerance to secondary LPS stimulation with reduced TNFalpha production. However, secondary stimulation with heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSa) induces priming as evidenced by augmented TNFalpha production. The pro-inflammatory cytokine, IFNgamma, also abolishes suppression of TNFalpha in LPS tolerance.

Modulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway alters innate resistance to polymicrobial sepsis.

We examined the effect of modulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity in a murine model of cecal ligation and puncture-induced polymicrobial sepsis. Inhibition of PI3K activity with wortmannin increased serum cytokine levels and decreased survival time in septic mice. We have reported that an immunomodulator, glucan phosphate, induces protection in murine polymicrobial sepsis.

Anterior pituitary cells express pattern recognition receptors for fungal glucans: implications for neuroendocrine immune involvement in response to fungal infections.

Objectives: Hormones and cytokines are known to act as regulatory messengers between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. The innate immune system identifies infectious agents by means of pattern-recognition receptors. These receptors recognize pathogen-specific macromolecules called pathogen-associated molecular patterns.

Aspirin dose dependently inhibits the interleukin-1 beta-stimulated increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E(2) production in rat ovarian dispersates cultured in vitro.

Objective: Determine if aspirin inhibits the IL-1 beta-stimulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in rat ovarian dispersates cultured in vitro.

Design: Prospective, controlled in vitro study.

Setting: Academic research laboratory.

The Andro Project: physiological and hormonal influences of androstenedione supplementation in men 35 to 65 years old participating in a high-intensity resistance training program.

Background: Since the passage of The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act in 1994, there has been a flood of new "dietary" supplements promoting anti-aging benefits such as the enhancement of growth hormone or testosterone levels. Androstenediol and androstenedione are such products. This study's purpose was to elucidate the physiological and hormonal effects of 200 mg/d of oral androstenediol and androstenedione supplementation in men aged 35 to 65 years while participating in a 12-week high-intensity resistance training program.

In vivo 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 4-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol supplementation in young men.

To determine if known androgenic hormone precursors for testosterone in the androgen pathway would be readily transformed to testosterone, eight male subjects [mean age 23.8 (SEM 3) years, bodymass 83.1 (SEM 8.

Triglyceride oxidation in cystic fibrosis: a comparison between different 13C-labeled tracer substances.

Background: For indirect evaluation of pancreatic lipase activity in cystic fibrosis, different 13C-labeled triglycerides may be used.

Methods: Triglyceride oxidation in patients with cystic fibrosis was investigated after administration of different 13C-labeled triglycerides by comparing 13CO2 breath exhalation. In the comparative study, five patients with cystic fibrosis (age, 8-15 years; body weight, 22.

Rubella serology in mentally retarded adults.

Background: Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome remain a problem in the United States; institutionalized individuals are at higher risk. We assessed demographic variables and rubella serology in a population of institutionalized adults with mental retardation.

Methods: Subjects were 181 institutionalized adults with mental retardation.

Effect of platelet activating factor on embryonic development and implantation in the mouse.

Platelet activating factor (PAF) was administered to female mice in order to investigate its effect on ovulation rate and on oocyte quality including their in-vitro embryonic development, implantation and uterine receptivity. In experiment 1, 4-week-old female mice were assigned to receive PAF or phosphate buffered saline for 4 consecutive days. On the second day of this treatment, pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin was administered and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 48 h later, after which copulation occurred.

Geographic distribution and origin of CFTR mutations in Germany.

The geographic distribution and origin of CFTR mutations in Germany was evaluated in 658 three-generation families with cystic fibrosis (CF). Fifty different mutations were detected on 1305 parental CF chromosomes from 22 European countries and overseas. The major mutation.