Personalized high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation improves cognition following carbon monoxide poisoning induced amnesia: A case report.

Objective: High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) has the potential to improve cognitive functioning following neurological injury and in neurodegenerative conditions. In this case report, we present the first use of HD-tDCS in a person with severe anterograde amnesia following carbon monoxide poisoning.

Method: The participant underwent two rounds of HD-tDCS that were separated by 3 months (Round 1 = 30 sessions; Round 2 = 31 sessions).

Human vs. Machine Learning Based Detection of Facial Weakness Using Video Analysis.

Background: Current EMS stroke screening tools facilitate early detection and triage, but the tools' accuracy and reliability are limited and highly variable. An automated stroke screening tool could improve stroke outcomes by facilitating more accurate prehospital diagnosis and delivery. We hypothesize that a machine learning algorithm using video analysis can detect common signs of stroke.

The prevalence, characteristics, and psychiatric correlates of traumatic brain injury in incarcerated individuals: an examination in two independent samples.

Primary Objective: Identify the prevalence, characteristics, and psychological correlates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among incarcerated individuals.

Research Design: Three aims: (1) Determine the prevalence and characteristics of TBI in 1469 adults incarcerated in Wisconsin state prisons (1064 men, 405 women); (2) Characterize the relationship between mild TBI and mental illness in a sub-sample of men and women; (3) Reproduce the findings from Aim 1 and Aim 2 in an independent sample of 1015 adults incarcerated in New Mexico state prisons (600 men, 415 women).

Methods And Procedures: Standardized TBI assessment with structured clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires.

Uncertainty Potentiates Neural and Cardiac Responses to Visual Stimuli in Anxiety Disorders.

Background: Intolerance of uncertainty and worry about future events are cardinal features of anxiety. However, the neurobiological and physiological mechanisms underlying these characteristics of anxiety remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods: Individuals with diagnosed anxiety disorders (n = 29, 22 female) and age-matched comparison subjects (n = 28, 17 female) completed a task in which pictures (aversive or neutral content) were preceded by cues indicating certainty or uncertainty about the emotional valence of the subsequent pictures.

The left temporal pole is a convergence region mediating the relation between names and semantic knowledge for unique entities: Further evidence from a "recognition-from-name" study in neurological patients.

Prior research has implicated the left temporal pole (LTP) as a critical region for naming semantically unique items, including famous faces, landmarks, and musical melodies. Most studies have used a confrontation naming paradigm, where a participant is presented with a stimulus and asked to retrieve its name. We have proposed previously that the LTP functions as a two-way, bidirectional convergence region brokering between conceptual knowledge and proper names for unique entities.

Suitability of Long-Term Frozen Rat Blood Samples for the Interrogation of Pig-a Gene Mutation by Flow Cytometry.

The rodent blood Pig-a assay has been undergoing international validation for use as an in vivo hematopoietic cell gene mutation assay, and given the promising results an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline is currently under development. Enthusiasm for the assay stems in part from its alignment with 3Rs principles permitting combination with other genotoxicity endpoint(s) and integration into repeat-dose toxicology studies. One logistical requirement and experimental design limitation has been that blood samples required antibody labeling and flow cytometric analysis within one week of collection.

Human lesion studies of ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Studies of neurological patients with focal lesions involving ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) have demonstrated a critical role for this brain area in various aspects of cognition, emotion, and behavior. In this article, we review the key themes, methods, and findings from neuropsychological research on vmPFC lesion patients. Early case studies demonstrated profound disruptions in personality and behavior following vmPFC damage, including blunted affect, poor decision-making, and inappropriate social behavior.

Sequelae of Occult Aggression Disqualifying Young, Socially Housed, Female New Zealand White Rabbits () from Participation in Dermal Toxicology Studies.

International animal welfare organizations and federal, regional, and institutional oversight bodies encourage social housing of gregarious species, such as New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), to promote animal wellbeing in research, teaching, testing and farming settings. At our institution, 2 groups of female New Zealand white rabbits (approximate age, 11 wk; mean weight, 2.35 kg), compatibly paired at the vendor for 5 wk, were paired in caging or group-housed in a floor pen.

Metal- and additive-free photoinduced borylation of haloarenes.

Boronic acids and esters have critical roles in the areas of synthetic organic chemistry, molecular sensors, materials science, drug discovery, and catalysis. Many of the current applications of boronic acids and esters require materials with very low levels of transition metal contamination. Most of the current methods for the synthesis of boronic acids, however, require transition metal catalysts and ligands that must be removed via additional purification procedures.

Neurological damage disrupts normal sex differences in psychophysiological responsiveness to music.

Men and women often display different physiological responses to emotional stimuli, and these responses can be affected by brain damage. Here, we investigated how brain damage differentially affects electrodermal responses based on sex. We studied neurologically normal, healthy adults and a sample of neurological patients.

Screening CT angiography for detection of blunt carotid and vertebral artery injury in the setting of combat-related trauma.

Blunt carotid and vertebral artery injury (BCVI) is a relatively rare injury reported in the civilian sector and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of our study was to use an optimized computed tomography angiography protocol in the deployed setting to determine the prevalence of BCVI in a consecutive patient population having experienced recent wartime-related traumatic injuries. From July 2008 to September 2009, a total of 307 consecutive trauma patients were included in this study.

Operation BRAVE families: A preventive approach to lessening the impact of war on military families through preclinical engagement.

Objectives: Operation Building Resilience and Valuing Empowered Families (OBF) is a preventive, preclinical program that was developed by the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service to form a working partnership with families of wounded warrior parents from the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. The OBF staff helps to identify the families' needs and collaborates with many organizations at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center to provide assistance. This article describes OBF, offers a case description, reviews current preventive programs for children exposed to trauma and disaster, and compares and contrasts OBF to these programs.

Combat-injured service members and their families: the relationship of child distress and spouse-perceived family distress and disruption.

Combat injury in military service members affects both child and family functioning. This preliminary study examined the relationship of child distress postinjury to preinjury deployment-related family distress, injury severity, and family disruption postinjury. Child distress postinjury was assessed by reports from 41 spouses of combat-injured service members who had been hospitalized at two military tertiary care treatment centers.

Discrepancy rates of radiology resident interpretations of on-call neuroradiology MR imaging studies.

Purpose: To determine the discrepancy rates of radiology residents interpreting emergent neuroradiology magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies and to assess any adverse clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred sixty-one brain and spine MR imaging and MR angiographic examinations that were ordered emergently after hours and given preliminary interpretations by radiology residents were retrospectively reviewed from December 1, 2006 to May 31, 2007 with institutional review board approval. Discrepancies between the interpretations of radiology residents and the final reports of attending neuroradiologists were classified as either false-negative (FN, failure to recognize abnormalities) or false-positive (FP, misinterpreting normal images as abnormal).

Psychiatric medications for deployment: an update.

Objective: This article discusses issues regarding the usage of psychotropic medications during military deployments, with emphasis on Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Method: The role of psychotropic medications in the Army combat stress control doctrine is reviewed and compared with operational experiences of psychiatrists who have deployed to Iraq, Bosnia, and Egypt.

Results: Many issues regarding psychotropic medications experienced by deployed psychiatrists are not discussed in the Army combat stress control doctrine.

Treatment of the stress casualty during operation Iraqi freedom one.

Introduction: Service members with mental health issues during Operation Iraqi Freedom receive evaluation and treatment at different echelons of care. Mental health teams consist of professionals and paraprofessionals assigned to Combat Stress Control units, Division Mental Health Sections, and Combat Support Hospitals.

Methods: Army doctrine for mental health care is delineated and examples describing how mental health personnel must be flexible in this challenging environment and are useful mental health tools for commanders in the operational environment are presented.