A descriptive analysis of sarcopenia markers in young adults with down syndrome.

Background: Most body composition research in individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) has focused on overweight and obesity. Although limited research has shown muscle mass indexes and physical performance levels of adults with DS are similar to or lower than older adults with sarcopenia, there is still a large gap in the literature regarding sarcopenia.

Objective: This brief report provides a comprehensive descriptive analysis of sarcopenia and obesity markers in individuals with DS.

The evolution of bioimpedance analysis: From traditional methods to wearable technology.

Body composition assessments are essential for understanding health and nutritional status. Traditional methods like deuterium oxide dilution, while accurate, are impractical due to cost and complexity. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has emerged as a preferred clinical and research technique.

Muscle quality index comparisons between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Caucasians using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and handgrip strength.

Background & Aims: Muscle quality index (MQI) can be computed in various ways. Also, many studies have evaluated MQI in older adults and non-Hispanic populations. The aim of this study was to compare various muscle quality indexes between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Caucasians when stratifying grip strength and appendicular lean mass measurements.

Comparisons between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioimpedance devices for appendicular lean mass and muscle quality in Hispanic adults.

The purpose of this study was to compare single- and multi-frequency bioimpedance (BIA) devices against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for appendicular lean mass (ALM) and muscle quality index (MQI) metrics in Hispanic adults. One hundred thirty-one Hispanic adults (18-55 years) participated in this study. ALM was measured with single-frequency bioimpedance analysis (SFBIA), multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis (MFBIA) and DXA.

Emergence of imaging technology beyond the clinical setting: Utilization of mobile health tools for at-home testing.

Body composition assessment plays a pivotal role in understanding health, disease risk, and treatment efficacy. This narrative review explores two primary aspects: imaging techniques, namely ultrasound (US) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile health apps in telehealth for body composition. Although US is valuable for assessing subcutaneous fat and muscle thickness, DXA accurately quantifies bone mineral content, fat mass, and lean mass.

Deuterium oxide validation of bioimpedance total body water estimates in Hispanic adults.

Background: To date, body composition assessments in Hispanics, computed via bioimpedance devices, have primarily focused on body fat percent, fat mass, and fat-free mass instead of total body water (TBW). Additionally, virtually no information is available on which type of bioimpedance device is preferred for TBW assessments in Hispanic populations.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate two bioimpedance devices for the estimate of TBW in Hispanics adults when using a criterion deuterium oxide (DO) technique.

Evaluation of a Rapid Four-Compartment Model and Stand-Alone Methods in Hispanic Adults.

Background: A rapid 4-compartment (4C) model integrates dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis (MFBIA), which may be useful for clinical and research settings seeking to employ a multi-compartment model.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the added benefit of a rapid 4C model over stand-alone DXA and MFBIA when estimating body composition.

Methods: One hundred and thirty participants (n = 60 male; n = 70 female) of Hispanic descent were included in the present analysis.

Evaluation of Skinfold Techniques in People with Down Syndrome: Development of a New Equation.

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements for the estimation of %Fat when compared to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The secondary aim was to develop a new SFT-based body fat equation (SFT). SFT-based %Fat was estimated using a body fat equation from González-Agüero (SFT) and body density conversion formulas from Siri (SFT) and Brozek (SFT).

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry produces larger measurement error in non-Hispanic Caucasians than Hispanics.

Background: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is often used as a criterion measure in body composition research and in clinical settings for the estimate of body fat percent (%Fat). The accuracy of DXA for predicting %Fat has primarily been conducted in non-Hispanic populations.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the agreement of DXA-derived %Fat in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasian adults.

Proportional bias of multifrequency bioimpedance analysis is larger in Hispanic females than males.

Body composition algorithms are typically validated using multiethnic populations without accounting for ethnicity. This might be problematic when using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (MF-BIA) for Hispanics. Group error (i.

Aerobic exercise is an independent determinant of levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in middle-aged obese females.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 4-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on changes of body composition and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress independent from weight loss in middle-aged obese females. Thity-five obese females were randomly assigned to either an exercise (EX, N=16) or control (CON, N=19) group. The EX performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise on the treadmill for 60 min at 55% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO) for 4 weeks (3 days/wk).

Agreement Between A 2-Dimensional Digital Image-Based 3-Compartment Body Composition Model and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for The Estimation of Relative Adiposity.

The purpose of this study was to compare relative adiposity (%Fat) derived from a 2-dimensional image-based 3-component (3C) model (%Fat) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (%Fat) against a 5-component (5C) laboratory criterion (%Fat). 57 participants were included (63.2% male, 84.

Evaluation of Load Velocity Profiles with Varying Warm-up Sets and Relative Intensities.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the number of warm-up sets and relative intensity impacts the prediction of velocity-based one-repetition maximum (1RM) values. Twenty resistance-trained individuals (males: = 10, females: = 10) participated in this study. Warm-up sets consisted of subject's bench-pressing loads at 50 (five-repetitions), 70 (three-repetitions), and 90% (one-repetition) of estimated 1RM.

Generalized Equations for Predicting Percent Body Fat from Anthropometric Measures Using a Criterion Five-Compartment Model.

Introduction: Anthropometric-based equations are used to estimate percent body fat (%BF) when laboratory methods are impractical or not available. However, because these equations are often derived from two-compartment models, they are prone to error because of the assumptions regarding fat-free mass composition. The purpose of this study was to develop a new anthropometric-based equation for the prediction of %BF, using a five-compartment (5C) model as the criterion measure.

Effect of total body water estimates via bioimpedance on bod pod-based three-compartment body fat models.

Background/objectives: Previous research has compared 2- and 3-compartment (2C and 3C, respectively) models against criterion 4-compartment (4C) models while utilizing the same body density (D) method for all measures. This design induces an inherent bias and obscures the added benefit of a 3C model over the simpler 2-compartment (2C) models.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of total body water estimates via single-frequency (SF-BIA) and multi-frequency (MF-BIA) bioimpedance analysis on body fat estimates derived from air displacement plethysmography (ADP)-derived 3C models.

Prediction of underwater residual lung volume in healthy men and women.

Regression equations are commonly used to predict residual lung volume (RV) during underwater weighing when measurement is not practical. However, the equations currently available were derived from on-land measures of RV and may account for changes in lung capacity during submersion, thus leading to inaccuracies in assessment of percent body fat (%BF). The purpose of this study was to (1) develop a new equation (RV ) for the prediction of underwater RV, (2) cross-validate RV and compare it to existing RV equations, and (3) compare the effects of RV and existing equations on underwater %BF.

Inter-device reliability of wearable technology for quantifying jump height in collegiate athletes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter-device reliability of three VERT devices (Mayfonk Athletic, Florida, USA) when worn on the waist (W), left-hip (LH), and right-hip (RH) during single- and double-leg counter movement jumps (CMJ) in collegiate athletes. Thirty-two female and twenty-eight male NCAA Division II athletes (n = 60) participated in the present study. Jump height (JH) values for double-leg CMJs were analyzed by each device using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA whereas a 2 (jump leg) x 3 (wear location) repeated measures ANOVA was employed to evaluate single-leg CMJs.

Evaluation of Obesity Cutoff Values in Hispanic Adults: Derivation of New Standards.

Unlabelled: The diagnostic accuracy of clinical-based body composition methods such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has yet to be evaluated in Hispanic adults. Moreover, it has also been suggested that previously established obesity cutoff values may need adjusting.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of BMI, WC, BIA, and DXA for obesity classification in Hispanic adults.

Development of a Body Mass Index-based Body Fat Equation: Effect of Handgrip Strength.

Unlabelled: Body mass index (BMI)-based body fat equations from Womersley (BMIWOMERSLEY), Jackson (BMIJACKSON), Deurenberg (BMIDEURENBERG), and Gallagher (BMIGALLAGHER) are practical in clinical and field settings. However, research has shown these prediction equations produce large error, which may be due to the inability of BMI to account for differences in fat mass and fat-free mass. Thus, accounting for variations in muscular strength via relative handgrip (RHG) strength could help enhance the accuracy of a BMI-based body fat equation.

Fat-free mass characteristics vary based on sex, race, and weight status in US adults.

Common body composition estimation techniques necessitate assumptions of uniform fat-free mass (FFM) characteristics, although variation due to sex, race, and body characteristics may occur. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2004, during which paired dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioimpedance spectroscopy assessments were performed, were used to estimate FFM characteristics in a sample of 4619 US adults. Calculated FFM characteristics included the density and water, bone mineral, and residual content of FFM.

Evaluation of Load-Velocity Relationships and Repetitions-to-Failure Equations in the Presence of Male and Female Spotters.

Nickerson, BS, Williams, TD, Snarr, RL, Garza, JM, and Salinas, G. Evaluation of load-velocity relationships and repetitions-to-failure equations in the presence of male and female spotters. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2427-2433, 2020-The purpose of this study was 2 fold: (a) to determine whether differences in mean concentric velocity (MCV), repetitions-to-failure (RTF), measured 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and 1RM prediction methods vary between lifter and spotter sex and (b) determine the accuracy of velocity-based 1RM (MCV1RM) and repetitions-to-failure-based 1RM (RTF1RM) prediction equations in the presence of either a male or female spotter.

Development of a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived body volume equation in Hispanic adults for administering a four-compartment model.

The purpose of the present study was: (1) to develop a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived body volume (BV) equation with the GE-Lunar prodigy while utilising underwater weighing (UWW) as a criterion and (2) to cross-validate the novel DXA-derived BV equation (4C-DXANickerson), Wilson DXA-derived BV equation (4C-DXAWilson) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP)-derived BV (4C-ADP) in Hispanic adults. A total of 191 Hispanic adults (18-45 years) participated in the present study. The development sample consisted of 120 females and males (50 % females), whereas the cross-validation sample comprised of forty-one females and thirty males (n 71).

Fat-free mass characteristics of Hispanic adults: Comparisons with non-Hispanic Caucasians and cadaver reference values.

Background: A four-compartment (4C) model quantifies fat, water, mineral and residual. As such, 4C models are more accurate than two-compartment (2C) models based off cadaver reference values (RV), which necessitate assumptions regarding fat-free mass (FFM) characteristics. Nonetheless, research has yet to determine whether the FFM characteristics of Hispanics are similar to non-Hispanic Caucasians and RV.

Relative accuracy of anthropometric-based body fat equations in males and females with varying BMI classifications.

Background: BMI based body fat equations developed from Womersley and Durnin (BMI), Jackson et al. (BMI), Deurenberg et al. (BMI), and Gallagher et al.

Effects of Telephone Aftercare Intervention for Obese Hispanic Children on Body Fat Percentage, Physical Fitness, and Blood Lipid Profiles.

We investigated effects of 10-month telephone aftercare intervention following primary obesity intervention on changes in body fat percentage, physical fitness, and lipid profiles in obese Hispanic children. Seventy-one obese children were randomly assigned to (1) primary intervention and 10-month telephone aftercare intervention (PITI; = 26), (2) primary intervention only (PI; = 25), and (3) control (CON; = 20). Anthropometric data, physical fitness, and blood samples were obtained before (PRE) and after (POST) eight-week primary intervention, and 10-month telephone aftercare intervention (1YEAR).