Intraepithelial Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Case Series.

Purpose: Intraepithelial sebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare form of sebaceous gland carcinoma, with 10 published case reports to date. The authors report the clinical, histological, and prognostic features of this rare carcinoma.

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective case series of patients from 3 Australian sites.

Orbital Myeloma and Plasmacytoma: An Australian Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide Australian data on the clinical and radiological features and outcomes in patients with orbital plasmacytomas.

Methods: Multicentre retrospective review of orbital plasmacytoma and orbital involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) from 2005 to 2022 in Australia.

Results: Twenty-one participants were identified.

The use of the paramedian forehead flap alone or in combination with other techniques in the reconstruction of periocular defects and orbital exenterations.

Purpose: The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) is a reconstructive option for large eyelid defects and orbital exenterations. We report a series of cases where PMFF reconstruction was carried out at various institutions in Australia.

Methods: This study was a multi-centre, retrospective, non-comparative case series investigating the clinical outcomes of the PMFF for reconstructing periocular defects and orbital exenterations.

Hughes flap in the management of lower lid retraction.

Purpose: We present a retrospective case series on the use of Hughes flap in managing acquired cicatricial lower lid retraction.

Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective case series. Data was collected from medical records across different sites within Australia (Adelaide, Melbourne, and Sydney) and New Zealand (Hamilton).

Orbital cellulitis and osteomyelitis secondary to odontogenic infection with campylobacter rectus: a case report.

The authors report the first case of orbital osteomyelitis due to Campylobacter in a 50-year-old male on a background of poor dental health. is a member of the human oral flora and is usually associated with periodontal disease. There are 16 reported cases of non-oral invasive soft-tissue infections, of which only one reports of osteolytic changes.

Nasal turbinate mucosal graft for management of contracted anophthalmic socket.

A 67-year-old Caucasian male presented with severe contraction of socket lining 8 years after enucleation, dermis fat graft and successful ocular prosthesis fitting. Following two failed attempts at using amniotic membrane grafts to reform the socket lining, a total socket reconstruction was attempted using a novel nasal turbinate mucosal graft technique. This was performed in a staged fashion with lower fornix reconstruction followed by upper fornix reconstruction 3 months later.

A practical guide on the use of imiquimod cream to treat lentigo maligna.

Lentigo maligna (LM) is a common in situ melanoma subtype arising on chronically sun-damaged skin and mostly affects the head and neck region. Localisation in cosmetically sensitive areas, difficulty to obtain wide resection margins and advanced patient age/comorbidities have encouraged investigation of less invasive therapeutic strategies than surgery in managing complex cases of LM. Radiotherapy and imiquimod have emerged as alternative treatment options in this context.

Clinical and Radiological Features of Intramuscular Orbital Amyloidosis: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Purpose: Orbital amyloidosis of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) is a rare condition, and its clinicoradiological features are not well elucidated. This study describes the characteristic clinical signs, MRI features, and potential treatment options.

Methods: Retrospective multicenter case series and literature review of EOM amyloidosis.

Role of Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration in Inflammatory Pachymeningitis Causing Visual Impairment.

Eye disease due to pachymeningitis caused by immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare occurrence. Here, the authors report a unique case of a patient presenting with visual loss from raised intracerebral pressure from pachymeningitis most likely related to IgG4-RD. The patient was treated with acetazolamide and steroids, and an optic nerve sheath fenestration was performed to successfully save the patients vision.

Correction: A phenotype of increased sleepiness in a mouse model of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

A phenotype of increased sleepiness in a mouse model of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy.

The relationship between cardiovascular disease and abnormalities in sleep architecture is complex and bi-directional. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) often confounds human studies examining sleep in the setting of heart failure, and the independent impact of isolated right or left heart failure on sleep is difficult to assess. We utilized an animal model of right heart failure using pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in mice to examine the causal effect of right heart failure on sleep architecture.

Sleep phenotype in the Townes mouse model of sickle cell disease.

Purpose: Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) regularly experience abnormal sleep, characterized by frequent arousals and reduced total sleep time. However, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common comorbidity of SCD, making it unclear whether the disease per se is impacting sleep, or sleep disruption is secondary to the presence of OSAS. Thus, we assessed sleep, independent of OSAS, using a mouse model of SCD.

Orbital Apex Syndrome in Pseudomonas Sinusitis After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Sinusitis complicated by orbital apex syndrome is rare. The majority of cases are due to mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients. The authors report a case of orbital apex syndrome secondary to Pseudomonas sinusitis.

Stimulation of the endogenous incretin glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide by enteral dextrose improves glucose homeostasis and inflammation in murine endotoxemia.

Loss of glucose homeostasis during sepsis is associated with increased organ dysfunction and higher mortality. Novel therapeutic strategies to promote euglycemia in sepsis are needed. We have previously shown that early low-level intravenous (IV) dextrose suppresses pancreatic insulin secretion and induces insulin resistance in septic mice, resulting in profound hyperglycemia and worsened systemic inflammation.

Lower eyelid entropion repair with retractor mobilization and insertion onto the anterior surface of the tarsal plate.

Purpose: To evaluate a modified surgical technique for the correction of lower eyelid involutional entropion in terms of recurrence rate and relief of symptoms.

Method: A prospective series of 67 consecutive eyelids in 55 patients who underwent lower eyelid entropion repair using a modified surgical approach not previously published in the literature to the authors' knowledge. The surgical technique, via a skin crease incision, involves disinsertion of the lower eyelid retractors from the tarsus and conjunctiva and suturing the retractors onto the anterior surface of the tarsal plate.

Non-Exenteration Management of Sino-Orbital Fungal Disease.

Purpose: To describe the non-exenteration management of sino-orbital fungal infection, a life-threatening condition for which orbital exenteration is generally considered a first-line treatment.

Methods: A retrospective case series is presented of 7 orbits in 6 consecutive patients admitted and treated at 2 major metropolitan tertiary teaching hospitals in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Results: Seven orbits in 6 consecutive patients with sino-orbital fungal infection were treated conservatively with surgical debridement and intravenous antifungal agents.

Periocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma: TNM Staging and Recurrence.

Purpose: To analyze the TNM stage, management, and recurrence rates of patients with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the eyelid.

Design: Retrospective case series from 3 Australian centers.

Participants: A total of 254 cases of eyelid SCC from 254 patients (median age, 73 years; range, 28-102 years; 159 were male).

The natural history of orbital cavernous hemangiomas.

Purpose: Orbital cavernous hemangiomas (OCH) often present as incidentally found asymptomatic lesions, and it has been reported that such lesions do not grow. The authors' own experience has been different. They describe the natural history of OCH in a cohort with asymptomatic incidentally found lesions and compare them with patients with symptomatic OCH to identify any characteristics that might predict those which enlarge and produce symptoms.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Caruncle.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lacrimal caruncle is a rare entity. The authors report the management and outcomes of 3 cases of caruncle SCC. Case 1 underwent wide margin surgical excision with adjuvant topical chemotherapy for a poorly differentiated SCC.