A common polymorphism in the Intelectin-1 gene influences mucus plugging in severe asthma.

By incompletely understood mechanisms, type 2 (T2) inflammation present in the airways of severe asthmatics drives the formation of pathologic mucus which leads to airway mucus plugging. Here we investigate the molecular role and clinical significance of intelectin-1 (ITLN-1) in the development of pathologic airway mucus in asthma. Through analyses of human airway epithelial cells we find that ITLN1 gene expression is highly induced by interleukin-13 (IL-13) in a subset of metaplastic MUC5AC mucus secretory cells, and that ITLN-1 protein is a secreted component of IL-13-induced mucus.

ACR Lung-RADS v2022: Assessment Categories and Management Recommendations.

The American College of Radiology created the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) in 2014 to standardize the reporting and management of screen-detected pulmonary nodules. Lung-RADS was updated to version 1.1 in 2019 and revised size thresholds for nonsolid nodules, added classification criteria for perifissural nodules, and allowed for short-interval follow-up of rapidly enlarging nodules that may be infectious in etiology.

ACR Lung-RADS v2022: Assessment Categories and Management Recommendations.

The ACR created the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) in 2014 to standardize the reporting and management of screen-detected pulmonary nodules. Lung-RADS was updated to version 1.1 in 2019 and revised size thresholds for nonsolid nodules, added classification criteria for perifissural nodules, and allowed for short-interval follow-up of rapidly enlarging nodules that may be infectious in etiology.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Small Airways Diseases.

The small airways are a common target of injury within the lungs and may be affected by a wide variety of inhaled, systemic, and other disorders. Imaging is critical in the detection and diagnosis of small airways disease since significant injury may occur prior to pulmonary function tests showing abnormalities. The goal of this article is to describe the typical imaging findings and patterns of small airways diseases.

Predictive Value of Coronary Artery Calcium in Patients Receiving Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department.

Purpose: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a frequent incidental finding on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) in the evaluation of pulmonary embolism (PE) in the emergency department (ED); however, its prognostic value is unclear. In this study, we interrogate the prognostic value of CAC identified on CTPA in predicting adverse outcomes in the evaluation of PE in the ED.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we identified 610 patients presenting to the ED in 2013 and evaluated with CTPA for suspected PE.

Mucus Plugs Persist in Asthma, and Changes in Mucus Plugs Associate with Changes in Airflow over Time.

Cross-sectional analysis of mucus plugs in computed tomography (CT) lung scans in the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP)-3 showed a high mucus plug phenotype. To determine if mucus plugs are a persistent asthma phenotype and if changes in mucus plugs over time associate with changes in lung function. In a longitudinal analysis of baseline and Year 3 CT lung scans in SARP-3 participants, radiologists generated mucus plug scores to assess mucus plug persistence over time.

Peripheral blood leucocyte telomere length is associated with progression of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis.

Background: Peripheral blood leucocyte telomere length (PBL-TL) is associated with outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Whether PBL-TL is associated with progression of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is unknown.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was performed using prospectively collected data from 213 patients with SSc followed at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Scleroderma Center.

Mucus Plugs and Emphysema in the Pathophysiology of Airflow Obstruction and Hypoxemia in Smokers.

The relative roles of mucus plugs and emphysema in mechanisms of airflow limitation and hypoxemia in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are uncertain. To relate image-based measures of mucus plugs and emphysema to measures of airflow obstruction and oxygenation in patients with COPD. We analyzed computed tomographic (CT) lung images and lung function in participants in the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study.

Opportunistic coinfection with and associated with idelalisib treatment in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

We describe a case of opportunistic coinfections with and following treatment with idelalisib, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. This is the first case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis reported in association with idelalisib. We review challenges related to diagnosis of opportunistic infections in this context.

Impact of hybrid supervision approaches on the performance of artificial intelligence for the classification of chest radiographs.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of different supervision regimens on the training of artificial intelligence (AI) in the classification of chest radiographs as normal or abnormal in a moderately sized cohort of individuals more likely to be outpatients.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective study, 7000 consecutive two-view chest radiographs obtained from 2012 to 2015 were labeled as normal or abnormal based on clinical reports. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained on this dataset and then evaluated with an unseen subset of 500 radiographs.