Ligamentous and capsular injuries of metacarpophalangeal joints: Comprehensive analysis and clinical insights.

This review provides a detailed analysis of the anatomy, mechanisms, and management of ligamentous and capsular injuries in metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPJs). The MCPJ is a condyloid joint with unique anatomical features, including a sagittal cam effect that enhances stability in flexion. Ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules contribute to the overall stability and mobility of MCPJs.

Balancing work and earnings: The long-term impact on mental health.

Earnings and work hours (e.g., weekly work hours) are key determinants of one's mental health.

Breaking the cycle between caregiver mental health and child behavioral issues: Does food insecurity matter?

Food insecurity is a key determinant of not only caregiver's mental health but also children's emotional problems and hyperactivity symptoms. Although substantial studies have explored such a relationship, it is unclear to us whether this relation would vary when considering that caregiver's mental health and aforementioned children's behavioral issues can be the cause and effect of each other. Addressing this research gap is a key to advancing our understanding of how to promote a healthier family dynamic, especially for those facing material needs.

Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Early Discontinuation of Physical Therapy Following Shoulder Surgery.

Background: Postoperative physical therapy (POPT) is a critical aspect of patient recovery following orthopedic shoulder surgery. Despite the importance of POPT, some patients do not complete their course of physical therapy, which can affect postoperative recovery and outcomes. This study aimed to identify risk factors that influence patient adherence and attendance of POPT.

The Hispanic paradox in child maltreatment: Does it fade over time?

Background: The "Hispanic Paradox" refers to a commonly noted tendency for Hispanic immigrants to have good health outcomes relative to risks faced. This paper demonstrates the presence of the Hispanic Paradox relative to child maltreatment, with a focus on how it appears to "fade" generationally.

Objectives: To use national child maltreatment and census data to determine if the protective effects of the Hispanic Paradox are weaker ("fade") for counties with fewer foreign-born Hispanics.

Comparison of Terminal Elbow Extension between Humans and Baboons (Papio anubis).

It is assumed that hyperextension of the elbow joint beyond 0° in humans is due to local ligament and other soft tissue laxity. The common extant old-world olive baboon (Papio anubis), with a quadrupedal gait, commonly has a mild elbow joint flexion contracture. This study compares anatomic and functional roles of the olecranon-coronoid notch angle of the proximal ulna and the anterior direction of its opening on terminal elbow extension in humans and baboons.

Childhood poverty and foster care placement: Implications for practice and policy.

Background: About 6 % of US children enter foster care (FC) at some point before age 18. Children living in poverty enter more frequently than non-poor children. Still, it is less clear if specific dimensions of poverty place a child at risk of FC entry.

Education, Language, and Cultural Concordance Influence Patient-Physician Communication in Orthopaedics.

Background: Orthopaedic surgery has a diversity gap, as it is not representative of the racial or sex proportions of the U.S. population.

Life-course trajectories of children through the U. S foster care system.

Objective: Foster care is surprisingly commonplace in the United States, with more than one in twenty children experiencing placement in their lifetimes. Due to the complexity of foster care (e.g.

Do the benefits of homeownership on mental health vary by race and poverty status? An application of doubly robust estimation for causal inference.

While empirical studies have observed that homeownership is associated with improved mental health conditions, research indicates that this relationship might vary by race. Moreover, such a White-Black disparity in the impacts of homeownership on mental health could be complexed by poverty status, as maintaining one's homeownership could be a financial burden for people living in poverty status, defined by the US official poverty threshold. We add to the existing literature by analyzing the impacts of homeownership on psychological distress, simultaneously disaggregating by race and poverty status using survey data from the Panel Study on Income Dynamics from the 2017 and 2019 waves (N = 7059).

A Commentary on Recent Announcements by The American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children and Child Maltreatment.

In a recent issue of Child Maltreatment (2023 vol. 28 (4)), an editorial by Palusci et al. and a commentary by Briggs et al.

Precision soft tissue balancing: grid-assisted pie-crusting in total knee arthroplasty.

Introduction: The varus and valgus knee deformities result from imbalance in tension between medial and lateral soft tissue compartments. These conditions need to be addressed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there is no consensus on optimal soft-tissue release techniques for correcting varus and valgus deformities during TKA.

Foster children in care due to parental incarceration: A national longitudinal study.

Using national child welfare data, we created a longitudinal data set (N = 142,143) to examine a subset of foster children (7%) who entered care due to parental incarceration (PI). Spanning FY 2005-2017, the dataset allowed us to compare children who entered care due to PI to children entering for other reasons. We found children of incarcerated parents were younger (median age of 4 vs.

Trauma and Incarceration: A Latent Class Analysis of Lifetime Trauma Exposures for Individuals in Prison.

This paper aims to contribute to the knowledge base about the lives of individuals who experience incarceration in the U.S. in order to advance post-release intervention services.

Dementia and Hip Fractures: A Comprehensive Review of Management Approaches.

» The elderly population is the fastest growing demographic, and the number of dementia cases in the United States is expected to double to 10 million by 2050.» Patients with dementia are at 3× higher risk of hip fractures and have higher morbidity and mortality after hip fractures.» Hip fracture patients with dementia benefit from early analgesia and timely surgical fixation of fracture.

Does a child maltreatment report source predict differences in immediate and subsequent report outcomes?

Background: Mandated reporting policies, a core response to the identification of child maltreatment, are widely debated. Currently, there are calls to abolish or scale back these policies to include only certain professionals. These calls warrant evaluation of whether there are any differences in child welfare outcomes based on report source.

Has the relationship between community poverty and child maltreatment report rates become stronger or weaker over time?

Background: Poverty is among the most powerful predictors of child maltreatment risk and reporting. To date, however, there have been no studies assessing the stability of this relationship over time.

Objective: To examine whether the county-level relationship between child poverty rates and child maltreatment report (CMR) rates changed over time in the United States in 2009-2018, overall and across of child age, sex, race/ethnicity, and maltreatment type.

The Application of Family Stress Model to Investigating Adolescent Problematic Behaviors: The Moderating Role of Assets.

The Family Stress Model framework proposes that household income can influence child and youth development through caregiver psychological distress. While prior studies have observed stronger associations among households with lower income, the role of assets has been ignored. This is unfortunate, as many existing policies and practices that intend to improve child and family well-being are focused on assets.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Child Protective Services Reporting, Substantiation and Placement, With Comparison to Non-CPS Risks and Outcomes: 2005-2019.

We used National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System and Census data to examine Black-White and Hispanic-White disparities in reporting, substantiation, and out-of-home placement both descriptively from 2005-2019 and in multivariate models from 2007-2017. We also tracked contemporaneous social risk (e.g.

Testing a QuantCrit-Informed Approach to the Empirical Study of Race/Ethnicity and Child Maltreatment.

The past several years have seen calls from QuantCrit scholars to "disaggregate" samples into same-race groups. To date, however, there has been no attempt to empirically evaluate the benefits of disaggregation within a child welfare sample. Using a child maltreatment dataset derived from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System and Census data, we empirically evaluate the utility of employing sample disaggregation (in which separate records are created for White, Black and Latino populations in each county) as well as variable creation disaggregation (in which we avoid using "full county" economic measures, but instead employ "same race/ethnicity" measures).

Parameterizing Toxic Stress in Early Childhood: Maternal Depression, Maltreatment, and HPA-Axis Variation in a Pilot Intervention Study.

Adverse experiences superseding a child's capacity to sustain regulation of emotion and adaptive function are theorized to constitute "toxic stressors" when they induce a deleterious biological response within an individual. We ascertained presumptive parameters of toxic stress among 164 low-income infants and toddlers (ages 4-48 months) from 132 families enrolled in Early Head Start (EHS). We randomized a subset of these families into a pilot intervention arm of parenting education (the Incredible Years, TIY), which supplemented the EHS curriculum.

In what kinds of communities do people on the sex offender registry live? An analysis of ten states.

This is the first large scale community-level study describing the characteristics of communities where Registered Sex Offenders (RSO's) are more likely to live. This study presents RSO residence data from ten states, combined with census data. Zip code characteristics (e.

A Review of Screened-Out Families and Child Protective Services Involvement: A Missed Opportunity to Prevent Future Maltreatment With Community-Based Services.

The objective of this article is to frame, understand, and draw implications from existing research on families screened out by child protective services (CPS) after a referral alleging child maltreatment. We review descriptive and outcome data together with emerging intervention research amidst a developing consensus that the current reactive role of CPS should be supplemented by supportive and preventative services that primarily address poverty. State-level data indicate that screened-out families are at high risk of re-referral and similar to higher-risk families reported to CPS.