Evaporative membrane modulation for comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography.

An evaporative membrane modulator was developed, built and evaluated to avoid loss of performance in the second dimension when coupling two-dimensional liquid chromatography systems. The automated interface reduces the volume after D elution on-line by a pre-determined factor, regardless of the separation gradient. This volume reduction ensures that the injection volume in the D is appropriate for the second column, avoiding the detrimental effects of overloading.