Radiographic Accuracy of Identifying Anterolateral Tibial Plafond Involvement in Pronation Abduction Ankle Fractures.

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of anterolateral tibial plafond involvement in pronation-abduction (PAB) ankle fractures and analyze the accuracy of radiographs in detecting anterolateral tibial plafond involvement, impaction, and predicting the need for direct visualization and an articular reduction.

Design: A multi-institutional retrospective chart review.

Setting: Five Level 1 trauma centers in the United States.

Does Fibular Displacement Predict Tibial Malrotation in Simulated Tibia-Fibula Fractures.

Introduction: Tibial malrotation can occur with medullary nailing of diaphyseal tibial fractures. Fibular alignment has been proposed as a surrogate for axial plane reduction intraoperatively. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fibular alignment is a reliable marker of accurate tibial rotation.

Recruitment and Retention of Homeless Youth in a Substance Use and HIV-risk Reduction Program.

Conducting intervention studies with homeless populations can be difficult, particularly in terms of retaining participants across multiple sessions and locating them for subsequent follow-up assessments. Homeless youth are even more challenging to engage due to substance use, mental health problems, wariness of authority figures, and frequent relocations. This article describes methods used to successfully recruit a sample of 200 homeless youth from two drop-in centers in Los Angeles, engage them in a four-session substance use and sexual risk reduction program (79% of youth attended multiple sessions), and retain 91% of the full sample at a three-month follow-up assessment.

Using marijuana, drinking alcohol or a combination of both: the association of marijuana, alcohol and sexual risk behaviour among adolescents.

Unlabelled: Background Although the association between alcohol use and sexual risk behaviour has been well-documented, there is little understanding of whether marijuana use alone or combining marijuana with alcohol use contributes to sexual risk behaviour among adolescents.

Methods: A diverse sample of sexually active adolescents (n = 616) aged 12-18 years (50.32% Hispanic; 31.

Predictors of Retention in an Alcohol and Risky Sex Prevention Program for Homeless Young Adults.

Homeless young adults are at risk for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and risky sexual behavior. Interventions are needed to help these young people reduce their risky behavior, but this population is often difficult to engage and retain in services. We offered a four-session AOD and risky sex reduction program to 100 participants and examined if retention in the program was predicted by a number of factors: demographics, homelessness severity, other service use, AOD behaviors, mental health symptoms, sexual risk behaviors, and readiness to change AOD and condom use.

Influence of mental health and alcohol or other drug use risk on adolescent reported care received in primary care settings.

Background: To describe patterns of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use risk and adolescent reported primary care (PC) screening and intervention, and examine associations of AOD risk and mental health with reported care received.

Methods: We analyzed data from cross-sectional surveys collected from April 3, 2013 to November 24, 2015 from 1279 diverse adolescents ages 12-18 who reported visiting a doctor at least once in the past year. Key measures were AOD risk using the Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire; mental health using the 5-item Mental Health Inventory; binary measures of adolescent-reported screening and intervention.

Ethnic Differences in Cigarette Use Trajectories and Health, Psychosocial, and Academic Outcomes.

Purpose: Cigarette smoking among youth is associated with poorer health and psychosocial outcomes. However, few studies address how smoking may differentially relate to the emergence of disparities in functioning across races/ethnicities over adolescence.

Methods: Youth (n = 2,509) were surveyed eight times from ages 11 to 18.

Group motivational interviewing for homeless young adults: Associations of change talk with substance use and sexual risk behavior.

Homeless young adults exhibit high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and sexual risk behaviors. This study is a secondary analysis of data collected in a randomized clinical trial of AWARE, a new 4 session group motivational interviewing intervention. AWARE mainly focused on alcohol use and sexual risk behavior given focus group feedback.

To Educate or To Incarcerate: Factors in Disproportionality in School Discipline.

The school-to-prison pipeline describes the process by which school suspension/expulsion may push adolescents into the justice system disproportionately based on race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and gender. The current study moves the field forward by analyzing a survey of a diverse sample of 2,539 students in 10 to 12 grade in Southern California to examine how demographic, individual, and family factors contribute to disparities in office referral and suspension/expulsion. African Americans, boys, and students whose parents had less education were more likely to be suspended/expelled.

A group-based motivational interviewing brief intervention to reduce substance use and sexual risk behavior among homeless young adults.

Homeless young adults ages 18-25 exhibit high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, and sexual risk behaviors such as unprotected sex. Yet few programs exist for this population that are both effective and can be easily incorporated into settings serving this population. This pilot cluster cross-over randomized controlled trial evaluates AWARE, a voluntary four session group-based motivational interviewing (MI) intervention to reduce AOD use and sexual risk behavior.

Gender differences in the association between conduct disorder and risky sexual behavior.

Despite suggestions that there are gender differences in the association between conduct disorder (CD) and risky sexual behavior, limited empirical research has examined this question. Youth (N = 616) were recruited from four primary care clinics and completed questions related to risky sexual behavior, alcohol and marijuana use, and CD. Results of stratified multivariate models indicated that the association between CD and having four or more lifetime partners, having two or more partners in the last 3 months, and engaging in condomless sex was stronger among female youth.

The role of perceived injunctive alcohol norms in adolescent drinking behavior.

Peers have a major influence on youth during adolescence, and perceptions about peer alcohol use (perceived norms) are often associated with personal drinking behavior among youth. Most of the research on perceived norms among adolescents focuses on perceived descriptive norms only, or perceptions about peers' behavior, and correcting these perceptions are a major focus of many prevention programs with adolescents. In contrast, perceived injunctive norms, which are personal perceptions about peers' attitudes regarding the acceptability of behaviors, have been minimally examined in the adolescent drinking literature.

Screening in Primary Care: What Is the Best Way to Identify At-Risk Youth for Substance Use?

Background: It is important to improve primary care providers' capability to identify youth at risk for alcohol and other drug use. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria to compare screeners for youth for both alcohol and marijuana, given that these are the most frequently used substances by this age group.

Methods: We compared the psychometric performance of 4 screeners: the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Screening Guide (NIAAA SG), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Car-Relax-Alone-Forget-Family and Friends-Trouble (CRAFFT) screener, and the Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire Problem Severity Scale (PESQ-PS) in identifying alcohol and marijuana use outcomes.

Frequency of E-cigarette Use, Health Status, and Risk and Protective Health Behaviors in Adolescents.

Objectives: E-cigarettes (ECs) are increasingly popular among adolescents, who perceive them as "safer" than cigarettes. Although research has examined risk factors for adolescent EC use, little is known about how EC use correlates with health status and protective health behaviors.

Methods: In all, 2488 adolescents (mean age = 17.

Mindfulness Meditation for Chronic Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic pain patients increasingly seek treatment through mindfulness meditation.

Purpose: This study aims to synthesize evidence on efficacy and safety of mindfulness meditation interventions for the treatment of chronic pain in adults.

Method: We conducted a systematic review on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with meta-analyses using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random-effects models.

Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: Associations with risky drinking and functioning in high school.

Background: Mixing alcohol with energy drinks is associated with heavier drinking and related problems among college students. However, little is known about how high school drinkers who mix alcohol with energy drinks (AmED) compare to those who do not (AwoED). This study compares high school AmED and AwoED users on their alcohol use during middle and high school, as well as key domains of functioning in high school.

Longitudinal Associations of Homophobic Name-Calling Victimization With Psychological Distress and Alcohol Use During Adolescence.

Purpose: Homophobic victimization, and specifically name-calling, has been associated with greater psychological distress and alcohol use in adolescents. This longitudinal study examines whether sexual orientation moderates these associations and also differentiates between the effects of name-calling from friends and nonfriends.

Methods: Results are based on 1,325 students from three Midwestern high schools who completed in-school surveys in 2012 and 2013.

Alcohol and marijuana use trajectories in a diverse longitudinal sample of adolescents: examining use patterns from age 11 to 17 years.

Aims: We tested race/ethnic differences in alcohol and marijuana (AM) trajectories (comprising an intercept term, reflecting overall probability of use, and a slope term, reflecting change in probability of use) during adolescence, whether AM use trajectories predicted high school outcomes, and whether outcomes differed by race/ethnicity after controlling for trajectory of AM use.

Design: This longitudinal study involved 6509 youth from 16 middle schools in Southern California surveyed from age 11.5 (2008) to age 17 (2015) years; all surveys assessed AM use, and the final survey also examined high school outcomes.

Predictors and consequences of prescription drug misuse during middle school.

Objectives: Non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) is a growing public health problem among adolescents. This is the first study to examine the correlates of early NMPDU initiation during middle school, and how early initiation is associated with four domains of functioning in high school (mental health, social, academic, and delinquency).

Methods: Students initially in 6th-8th grades from 16 middle schools completed in-school surveys between 2008 and 2011 (Waves 1-5), and a web-based survey in 2013-2014 (Wave 6).

Early Substance Use and Subsequent DUI in Adolescents.

Objective: Little is known about risk factors in early adolescence that lead to driving under the influence (DUI) and riding with a drinking driver (RWDD). In a diverse group of adolescents, we longitudinally explored the influence of alcohol and marijuana (AM) use, AM beliefs, and peer and family factors (including familism) on DUI/RWDD in high school.

Methods: We conducted 3 surveys 2 years apart of 1189 students recruited from 16 middle schools in Southern California.

Associations between neighborhood alcohol availability and young adolescent alcohol use.

We investigated the association between alcohol outlet density and adolescent alcohol use, including whether this association differed by sociodemographic characteristics. We geocoded and mapped active license data from the year 2011 to calculate the number of outlets within multiple circular buffers of varying sizes (density), centered at households of adolescents ages 10-16 (n = 2,724). We examined 2 indicators of alcohol use: any lifetime use, but not in past month, and any past month heavy use.

Differences in Substance Use and Substance Use Risk Factors by Asian Subgroups.

The present study examined differences in lifetime use and initiation of substance use and associated risk factors for alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana among seven subgroups of Asian American (AA) adolescents: Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Mixed heritage Asian. Sixth and 7th grade AA adolescents in Southern California were surveyed five times over three academic years. We examined subgroup differences in (1) lifetime alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use assessed at baseline, (2) initiation of each substance over three years, and (3) baseline individual (positive and negative expectancies about substances, resistance self-efficacy, and intentions to use), family (closest adult and older sibling substance use), and school factors (perceived peer use).

A pilot study comparing in-person and web-based motivational interviewing among adults with a first-time DUI offense.

Background: Driving under the influence (DUI) is a significant problem, and there is a pressing need to develop interventions that reduce future risk.

Methods: We pilot-tested the acceptance and efficacy of web-motivational interviewing (MI) and in-person MI interventions among a diverse sample of individuals with a first-time DUI offense. Participants (N = 159) were 65 percent male, 40 percent Hispanic, and an average age of 30 (SD = 9.

The effects of mental health symptoms and marijuana expectancies on marijuana use and consequences among at-risk adolescents.

Based on expectancy theory, adolescents at risk for mental health symptoms, such as those involved in the juvenile court system, may use marijuana due to the belief that use will attenuate anxiety and depressive symptoms. In a diverse sample of youth involved in the Santa Barbara Teen Court system (N = 193), we examined the association between mental health symptoms and marijuana expectancies on marijuana use and consequences. In general, stronger positive expectancies and weaker negative expectancies were both associated with increased marijuana use.

Electronic health record-based interventions for improving appropriate diagnostic imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: One driver of increasing health care costs is the use of radiologic imaging procedures. More appropriate use could improve quality and reduce costs.

Purpose: To review interventions that use the computerized clinical decision-support (CCDS) capabilities of electronic health records to improve appropriate use of diagnostic radiologic test ordering.