Posterior dislocation of the long head biceps tendon: a case report, specific radiographic finding, and review of the literature.

Posterior dislocation of the long head of the biceps tendon uncommonly occurs with traumatic shoulder injury. The diagnosis is almost always associated with anterior shoulder dislocation which often cannot be reduced. We present a case of traumatic posterior dislocation of the long head of the biceps tendon with no reported history of shoulder dislocation, but instead a rare and specific radiographic finding.

Mesenchymal stromal cell potency to treat acute kidney injury increased by ultrasound-activated interferon-γ/interleukin-10 axis.

Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies combined with renal pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) pretreatment increase MSC homing and improve cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) better than MSC alone. However, mechanisms underlying improved outcomes remain unknown. We hypothesize pFUS up-regulates renal interferon-γ (IFNγ) and stimulates MSC to produce interleukin-10 (IL-10) after migrating to kidneys.

Rehabilitation engineers, technologists, and technicians: Vital members of the assistive technology team.

The rehabilitation engineering professions include rehabilitation engineers, rehabilitation technologists / assistive technologists and rehabilitation technicians. The purpose of this white paper is to define the rehabilitation engineering professions, describe educational pathways for the field of rehabilitation engineering, and describe the role of the rehabilitation engineering professions in a multitude of professional settings. An ad-hoc committee was convened by the Rehabilitation Engineering and Technologists (RE&T) Professional Standards Group (PSG) at the 2013 annual meeting, RESNA Conference in Seattle, Washington.

Anti-inflammatory drugs suppress ultrasound-mediated mesenchymal stromal cell tropism to kidneys.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are potential renal therapeutics. Clinically, results are mixed partly because MSC tropism to kidneys is minimal following infusion. Ultrasound augmentation of the renal microenvironment is becoming increasingly-important in renal MSC therapies.

Disrupting the blood-brain barrier by focused ultrasound induces sterile inflammation.

MRI-guided pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) combined with systemic infusion of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles (MB) causes localized blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption that is currently being advocated for increasing drug or gene delivery in neurological diseases. The mechanical acoustic cavitation effects of opening the BBB by low-intensity pFUS+MB, as evidenced by contrast-enhanced MRI, resulted in an immediate damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) response including elevations in heat-shock protein 70, IL-1, IL-18, and TNFα indicative of a sterile inflammatory response (SIR) in the parenchyma. Concurrent with DAMP presentation, significant elevations in proinflammatory, antiinflammatory, and trophic factors along with neurotrophic and neurogenesis factors were detected; these elevations lasted 24 h.

Erbium hydroxide ethanedisulfonate: a cationic layered material with organic anion exchange capability.

We describe a cationic erbium-based material [Er12(OH)29(H2O)5][O3SCH2CH2SO3]3.5·5H2O. As synthesized, the material is water stable and capable of complete organic anion exchange for a variety of α,ω-alkanedicarboxylates.

Tissue underlying the intestinal epithelium elicits proliferation of intestinal stem cells following cytotoxic damage.

The goals of this study were to document the proliferative response of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) during regeneration after damage from doxorubicin (DXR), and to characterize the signals responsible for ISC activation. To this end, jejuni from DXR-treated mice were harvested for histology, assessment of ISC numbers and proliferation by flow cytometry, crypt culture, and RNA analyses. Histology showed that crypt depth and width were increased 4 days after DXR.

Pulsed focused ultrasound pretreatment improves mesenchymal stromal cell efficacy in preventing and rescuing established acute kidney injury in mice.

Animal studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) infusions improve acute kidney injury (AKI) outcomes when administered early after ischemic/reperfusion injury or within 24 hours after cisplatin administration. These findings have spurred several human clinical trials to prevent AKI. However, no specific therapy effectively treats clinically obvious AKI or rescues renal function once advanced injury is established.

SMaSH: a benchmarking toolkit for human genome variant calling.

Motivation: Computational methods are essential to extract actionable information from raw sequencing data, and to thus fulfill the promise of next-generation sequencing technology. Unfortunately, computational tools developed to call variants from human sequencing data disagree on many of their predictions, and current methods to evaluate accuracy and computational performance are ad hoc and incomplete. Agreement on benchmarking variant calling methods would stimulate development of genomic processing tools and facilitate communication among researchers.

Sonography of female genital hernias presenting as labia majora masses.

Inguinal herniation of the ovary or uterus presenting as a labia majora mass is a rare congenital condition that may be complicated by strangulation, torsion, and infertility. A labial mass in a prepubertal female patient can represent an inguinal hernia, a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck, a congenital labial cyst, leiomyoma, an abscess, lipoma, or lymphangioma. With a large differential diagnosis and an often limited physical examination, imaging plays an importance diagnostic role.

Optimal assembly for high throughput shotgun sequencing.

We present a framework for the design of optimal assembly algorithms for shotgun sequencing under the criterion of complete reconstruction. We derive a lower bound on the read length and the coverage depth required for reconstruction in terms of the repeat statistics of the genome. Building on earlier works, we design a de Brujin graph based assembly algorithm which can achieve very close to the lower bound for repeat statistics of a wide range of sequenced genomes, including the GAGE datasets.

Telescoper: de novo assembly of highly repetitive regions.

Motivation: With advances in sequencing technology, it has become faster and cheaper to obtain short-read data from which to assemble genomes. Although there has been considerable progress in the field of genome assembly, producing high-quality de novo assemblies from short-reads remains challenging, primarily because of the complex repeat structures found in the genomes of most higher organisms. The telomeric regions of many genomes are particularly difficult to assemble, though much could be gained from the study of these regions, as their evolution has not been fully characterized and they have been linked to aging.

Diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of leg pain in athletes.

The causes of leg pain in the athlete are diverse. Pain can relate to more common etiologies, such as musculotendinous injury to the hamstrings and Achilles tendon as well as stress injury to bone, with tibial stress injuries comprising the most common cause for lower leg pain in athletes. Less-common causes include chronic exertional compartment syndrome and popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, both of which cause pain as a result of muscle ischemia.

A new paradigm for anion trapping in high capacity and selectivity: crystal-to-crystal transformation of cationic materials.

We describe a new methodology to the selective trapping of priority pollutants that occur inherently as oxo-anions (e.g., perchlorate, chromate, arsenate, pertechnetate, etc.

Differentiating between light and deep sleep stages using an ambulatory device based on peripheral arterial tonometry.

The objective of this study is to develop and assess an automatic algorithm based on the peripheral arterial tone (PAT) signal to differentiate between light and deep sleep stages. The PAT signal is a measure of the pulsatile arterial volume changes at the finger tip reflecting sympathetic tone variations and is recorded by an ambulatory unattended device, the Watch-PAT100, which has been shown to be capable of detecting wake, NREM and REM sleep. An algorithm to differentiate light from deep sleep was developed using a training set of 49 patients and was validated using a separate set of 44 patients.

Donor-state-enabling Er-related luminescence in silicon: direct identification and resonant excitation.

We conclusively establish a direct link between formation of an Er-related donor gap state and the 1.5 microm emission of Er in Si. The experiment is performed on Si/Si:Er nanolayers where a single type of Er optical center dominates.

Reperfusion strategies in the emergency treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Prompt restoration of blood flow is the primary treatment goal in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction to optimize clinical outcomes. The ED plays a critical role in rapid triage, diagnosis, and management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and in the decision about which of the 2 recommended reperfusion options, that is, pharmacologic and mechanical (catheter-based) strategies, to undertake. Guidelines recommend percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) if the medical contact-to-balloon time can be kept under 90 minutes, and timely administration of fibrinolytics if greater than 90 minutes.

Development of a noninvasive measure of pelvic and hip angles in seated posture.

Objective: To develop a valid noninvasive means to measure pelvic tilt and hip angle in seated posture.

Design: Validation cohort study using radiographs as a criterion standard for pelvic posture.

Setting: Rehabilitation hospital.

Gene cloning and nucleotide sequencing and properties of a cocaine esterase from Rhodococcus sp. strain MB1.

A strain of Rhodococcus designated MB1, which was capable of utilizing cocaine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the tropane alkaloid-producing plant Erythroxylum coca. A cocaine esterase was found to initiate degradation of cocaine, which was hydrolyzed to ecgonine methyl ester and benzoate; both of these esterolytic products were further metabolized by Rhodococcus sp. strain MB1.

A novel splice variant of the cell adhesion molecule BIG-2 is expressed in the olfactory and vomeronasal neuroepithelia.

We have cloned a mouse cDNA encoding a novel truncated form of the gene BIG-2 from the vomeronasal organ. The related proteins BIG-2 and BIG-1 possess a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, six immunoglobulin domains and four fibronectin type III repeats. They are related to certain axonal-associated cell adhesion molecules (AxCAMs) exhibiting most similarity to the TAG-1/F3 subgroup of neural cell adhesion molecules.

MR imaging of the rotator cuff mechanism: comparison of spin-echo and turbo spin-echo sequences.

Objective: Although well documented in other MR imaging applications, the value of turbo spin-echo sequences in evaluating the shoulder has not been addressed. This study was designed to directly compare matched spin-echo and turbo spin-echo sequences in the MR imaging evaluation of the rotator cuff.

Materials And Methods: Using otherwise matched double-echo sequences of equal time duration, we performed 123 paired spin-echo (TR/TE, 200/25,75; one excitation) and turbo spin-echo (3500-5000/22,90; two excitations) sequences in the paracoronal and/or parasagittal plane of the shoulders of 76 patients referred to our institution for possible rotator cuff tear.

MR imaging of the posterior cruciate ligament: normal, abnormal, and associated injury patterns.

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) of the knee has received little attention in the radiology literature, but its importance in knee stability has come under close scrutiny in recent years. Unrepaired injury of the PCL can lead to chronic instability and early joint degeneration. Three major mechanisms of trauma that involves the PCL are posterior displacement of the tibia in a flexed knee, hyperextension, and rotation combined with an adduction or abduction force.

MR imaging appearance of the extensor mechanism of the knee: functional anatomy and injury patterns.

Trauma to the extensor mechanism of the knee, a common clinical problem, can be accurately evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The extensor mechanism consists of the quadriceps muscle and tendon, patella, patellar tendon, and patellar retinacula. Injuries of these structures can be classified into partial and complete tears.