Computed tomography-guided percutaneous cryoablation of hereditary adrenal pheochromocytoma in three patients.

Objectives: Pheochromocytomas (PHEO) are neuroendocrine tumors rarely diagnosed in children. We are reporting on the management challenges of three adolescent patients who present with hereditary PHEO.

Case Presentation: The index patient and his male sibling presented with bilateral PHEO, while a third patient presented with a unilateral PHEO, all associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome.

Risk factors for anesthetic-related complications in pediatric patients with a newly diagnosed mediastinal mass.

Background: Pediatric patients with a mediastinal mass can experience severe complications while undergoing anesthesia. Nearly, all published reviews involve either patients with an anterior mediastinal mass or patients with an oncologic disease.

Aim: The identification of risk factors for anesthetic-related complications in pediatric patients with any type of mediastinal mass.

Pediatric Interventional Radiology: Blurring the Lines Between Specialties.

Medical imaging has transformed the ease and speed of patient care with provision of detailed evaluation of anatomic structures and disease processes. Interventional radiology uses imaging guided techniques to further diagnose or treat diseases with minimally invasive methods. These techniques are particularly helpful in treating pediatric patients.

Spontaneous retropharyngeal and mediastinal thoracic duct cyst in an infant with respiratory distress.

Thoracic duct cysts (TDC) within the retropharyngeal space and mediastinum are exceedingly rare lesions, with the majority related to trauma or neoplasm. We describe a case of an otherwise healthy 8-month-old boy who presented with severe respiratory distress, which was found to be caused by a large, spontaneous TDC occupying most the retropharyngeal and mediastinal space. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient to date presenting with TDC.

Tracheobronchomalacia diagnosed by tracheobronchography in ventilator-dependent infants.

Background: Tracheobronchomalacia prevalence in premature infants on prolonged mechanical ventilation is high.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of tracheobronchomalacia diagnosed by tracheobronchography in ventilator-dependent infants, and describe the demographic, clinical and dynamic airway characteristics of those infants with tracheobronchomalacia.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective review studies 198 tracheobronchograms performed from 1998 to 2011 in a cohort of 158 ventilator-dependent infants <2 years of age.

Implementation of a competency check-off in diagnostic fluoroscopy for radiology trainees: impact on reducing radiation for three common fluoroscopic exams in children.

Background: Fluoroscopy is an important tool for diagnosis in the pediatric population, but it carries the risk of radiation exposure. Because radiology resident education and experience in the use of fluoroscopy equipment in children vary, we implemented an intervention to standardize fluoroscopy training.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of implementing a fluoroscopy competency check-off for radiology resident trainees aimed at decreasing radiation exposure in three common pediatric fluoroscopic studies.

Quantification of humeral head deformity following neonatal brachial plexus palsy.

Background: Neonatal brachial plexus palsy frequently leads to glenohumeral dysplasia if neurological recovery is incomplete. Although glenoid retroversion and glenohumeral subluxation have been well characterized, humeral head deformity has not previously been quantified. Nonetheless, humeral head flattening is described as a contraindication to joint contracture release and external rotation tendon transfers.