Inhibition of ATR Reverses a Mitochondrial Respiratory Insufficiency.

Diseases that affect the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) often manifest as threshold effect disorders, meaning patients only become symptomatic once a certain level of ETC dysfunction is reached. Cells can invoke mechanisms to circumvent reaching their critical ETC threshold, but it is an ongoing challenge to identify such processes. In the nematode , severe reduction of mitochondrial ETC activity shortens life, but mild reduction actually extends it, providing an opportunity to identify threshold circumvention mechanisms.

Exposure from the large C-arm versus the mini C-arm using hand/wrist and elbow phantoms.

Purpose: This study tests the conventional wisdom that using fluoroscopy under identical geometrical conditions results in less radiation when using the mini C-arm relative to the large C-arm.

Methods: We evaluated the radiation dose for both direct exposure and scatter 2.54 cm outside the intensifier.

X-ray dose from pediatric cardiac catheterization: a comparison of materials and methods for measurement or calculation.

Pediatric cardiac catheterization procedures have the potential to transmit high X-ray doses, which may lead to acute effects or latent skin reactions. Direct measurement of radiation dose was facilitated using nanodot dosimeters and radiochromic film. Direct measurement results were compared with vendor-listed dosimetry and calculation using phantom data.

CT imaging for gynecological HDR: tools and tricks.

Computerized tomography (CT)-assisted treatment planning for high-dose-rate (HDR) gynecological cancer treatments allows for better structure visualization and dose-volume histogram analysis definition. Problems associated with CT imaging are addressed. These pitfalls include the potential for multiple patient transfers and movement between applicator insertion, simulation, and treatment.