Effective decision-making in public health organizations: reference to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The role of public health organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic was crucial. These groups acted to slow the spread of infection through the implementation of initiatives, policies, research and more. However, the rapidly changing and uncertain climate of the pandemic resulted in suboptimal processes and decision-making within these organizations.

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Expression Predicts Need for Early Treatment in Prostate Cancer Patients Managed with Active Surveillance.

Metabolic dysregulation is an early event in carcinogenesis. Here, we examined the expression of enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis (ATP-citrate lyase: ACLY), glucose uptake (Glucose Transporter 1: GLUT1), and folate-glutamate metabolism (Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen: PSMA) as potential biomarkers of risk for early prostate cancer progression. Patients who were managed initially on active surveillance with a Gleason score of 6 or a low-volume Gleason score of 7 (3 + 4) were accrued from a prostate cancer diagnostic assessment program.

Risky Business: Factors That Increase Risk of Falls Among Older Adult In-Patients.

In hospitals, older patients are at increased risk of falling multiple times. This study incorporated an epidemiologic cross-sectional design consisting of 4,348 older patients (≥65-year-old). Eight hundred eighty five (20.

What Factors Increase Odds of Long-Stay Delayed Discharge in Alternate Level of Care Patients?

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the factors that increase the odds of long-stay delayed discharge in alternate level of care (ALC) patients using data collected from the Ontario Wait Time Information System (WTIS) database.

Design: Retrospective cohort study utilizing data from Niagara Health's WTIS database. WTIS includes individuals admitted to any of the Niagara Health sites that have been designated as ALC.

Contemporary nutrition-based interventions to reduce risk of infection among elderly long-term care residents: A scoping review.

Background: Elderly long-term care residents (ELTCRs) face considerable burden of infection, especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nutritional status of the host can influence susceptibility to infection by altering immune system integrity, therefore, nutrition-based interventions may be a viable complement to existing infection prevention measures.

Objective: This scoping review sought to identify nutritional interventions and factors that have the strongest evidence to benefit ELTCRs, and thus best poised for rigorous clinical trial evaluation and subsequent implementation.

Impact of a multifaceted and multidisciplinary intervention on pain, agitation and delirium management in a Canadian community intensive care unit: a quality improvement study protocol.

Background: Pain and agitation are closely linked to the development of delirium, which affects 60%-87% of critically ill patients. Delirium is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Clinical guidelines that suggest routine assessment, treatment and prevention of pain, agitation and delirium (PAD) is crucial to improving patient outcomes.

The longitudinal relationship between generalized self-efficacy and physical activity in school-aged children.

Our understanding of the longitudinal relationship between generalized self-efficacy (GSE) and physical activity in children and youth is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of GSE towards physical activity on sedentary behaviours and physical activity in school-aged children over time. A total of 2278 nine-year-old children (1120 girls and 1158 boys) were recruited at baseline and followed for seven waves of data collection from 2005 to 2008.

Tracking cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in children with and without motor coordination problems.

Objectives: Previous research has shown children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than typically developing (TD) children. This has been hypothesized to be due to an activity deficit, whereby poor motor functioning discourages children from participating in physical activities, but this hypothesis has not been directly tested. In this study, we use longitudinal data to measure the extent to which physical activity explains differences in CRF between children with and without motor coordination deficits.

Arterial stiffness in children with and without probable developmental coordination disorder.

Background: Children with cardiovascular disease risk factors demonstrate adverse arterial alterations that are predictive of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults. Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are at cardiovascular risk as they are more likely to be obese and inactive.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess arterial structure and function in children with and without probable DCD (p-DCD).

Longitudinal examination of objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time among children with and without significant movement impairments.

Background: Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) tend to be less active than typically-developing (TD) children. Current evidence, however, is based on cross-sectional and self-reported activity, and little is known about sedentary time among children with significant movement impairments such as DCD. The current study examines the longitudinal patterns of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in children with and without possible DCD (pDCD).

Reprint of "Relationship between BMI, waist circumference, physical activity and probable developmental coordination disorder over time".

Background: Cross-sectional studies have shown that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are less likely to be physically active and have excess weight gain. However, longitudinal studies examining the relationship between DCD and measures of body composition (BMI and waist circumference) over time are lacking. It is not known if sex and physical activity affect the relationship between DCD and measures of body composition over time.

Relationship between BMI, waist circumference, physical activity and probable developmental coordination disorder over time.

Background: Cross-sectional studies have shown that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are less likely to be physically active and have excess weight gain. However, longitudinal studies examining the relationship between DCD and measures of body composition (BMI and waist circumference) over time are lacking. It is not known if sex and physical activity affect the relationship between DCD and measures of body composition over time.

When and for whom are relative age effects important? Evidence from a simple test of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Objectives: When individuals of different ages are combined into a single group and an ability that varies with age is measured, younger individuals are disadvantaged. This phenomenon is known as a relative age effect (RAE) and has been shown to be widespread in sport and education.

Methods: In this article, we examine RAEs in a large group of children tested repeatedly on the 20-m shuttle run, a common test of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Associations between family eating behaviours and body composition measures in peri-adolescents: results from a community-based study of school-aged children.

Objectives: To identify key eating behaviours in children and their parents and to determine the associations between these behaviours and measures of body composition in children.

Methods: Data were collected on a sample of 431 peri-adolescent children (12.4±0.

Does relative body fat influence the Movement ABC-2 assessment in children with and without developmental coordination disorder?

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a condition that results in an impairment of gross and/or fine motor coordination. Compromised motor coordination contributes to lower levels of physical activity, which is associated with elevated body fat. The impact of elevated body fat on motor coordination diagnostic assessments in children with DCD has not been established.

Submaximal oxygen cost during incremental exercise in children with developmental coordination disorder.

There has been minimal evidence examining the differences in submaximal aerobic power between children with and without probable developmental coordination disorder (pDCD). This is important as most activities of daily living are performed at submaximal levels. The aim of this study was to examine the oxygen cost of work (VO2) performed during an incremental exercise protocol on a cycle ergometer.

Biological age and sex-related declines in physical activity during adolescence.

Introduction: Sex differences in the rate of decline in physical activity (PA) are most pronounced during adolescence. However, once boys and girls are aligned on biological age, sex differences in the patterns of PA become attenuated. The aim of this study was to test whether biological maturation can account for sex differences in participation in PA over time from late childhood to early adolescence.

Understanding physical activity and motivations for children with developmental coordination disorder: an investigation using the theory of planned behavior.

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition, affecting approximately 5-6% of children. Previous research has consistently found children with DCD being less physically active compared to typically-developing (TD) children; however, the psychosocial factors associated with physical activity for children with DCD are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine how theory-based physical activity cognitions impacts physical activity behaviors for children with and without DCD.

The Association of Sleep Disorder, Obesity Status, and Diabetes Mellitus among US Adults-The NHANES 2009-2010 Survey Results.

To examine the association between sleep disorders, obesity status, and the risk of diabetes in adults, a total of 3668 individuals aged 40+ years from the NHANES 2009-2010 without missing information on sleep-related questions, measurements related to diabetes, and BMI were included in this analysis. Subjects were categorized into three sleep groups based on two sleep questions: (a) no sleep problems; (b) sleep disturbance; and (c) sleep disorder. Diabetes was defined as having one of a diagnosis from a physician; an overnight fasting glucose > 125 mg/dL; Glycohemoglobin > 6.

Scope and nature of sudden cardiac death before age 40 in Ontario: a report from the cardiac death advisory committee of the office of the chief coroner.

Background: Understanding sudden cardiac death in the young may inform prevention strategies.

Objective: To determine the scope and nature of sudden death in a geographically defined population.

Methods: We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, of all sudden cardiac death cases involving persons aged 2-40 years identified from the 2008 comprehensive Coroner database.

Association between body composition and conformity to the recommendations of Canada's Food Guide and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in peri-adolescence.

Objective: The role of following the recommendations of Canada's Food Guide (CFG) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on body composition in children is unknown. The present study assessed how conformity to the recommendations of these diets was associated with BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist girth (WG), hip girth (HG) and risk of overweight in peri-adolescents.

Design: CFG and DASH indices were derived from responses to a food questionnaire, with a higher index representing greater conformity to CFG and DASH diet recommendations.

Developmental Coordination Disorder, gender, and body weight: examining the impact of participation in active play.

Background: To examine whether differences in participation in active play (PAP) can account for gender differences in the relationship between Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and body weight/fat (BMI and percentage fat) in youth.

Methods: A cross-sectional investigation of students in grades four through eight (n = 590). Height, weight (BMI), and percentage body fat using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA; RJL Systems, MI) were collected.

Gender, perceived competence and the enjoyment of physical education in children: a longitudinal examination.

Background: The current study examined associations between gender, perceived athletic competence, and enjoyment of physical education (PE) class over time in a cohort of children enrolled in grade four (ages 9 or 10) at baseline (n = 2262).

Methods: We assessed each student 5 times over a period of 2 years. We used mixed effects modeling to examine change over time in enjoyment of PE.

Use of leg length to height ratio to assess the risk of childhood overweight and obesity: results from a longitudinal cohort study.

Purpose: To determine whether leg-length to height ratio (LLHR) measured in children can be used to assess overweight and obese status 3 years later.

Methods: A total of 1166 children from South Ontario, Canada, were assessed in grade five and again in grade eight were included in this analysis. On the basis of LLHR gender-specific quartile cutoffs in grade five, children were categorized into four groups (Q1[low]-Q4).

A prospective cohort study comparing workload in children with and without developmental coordination disorder.

The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to assess how cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of children with probable developmental coordination disorder (DCD) changes over a period of 4.7 years relative to a group of typically developing controls. A school-based sample of children in a large region of Ontario, Canada with 75 out of a possible 92 schools consented to participate.