Interrelationships between social exclusion, mental health and wellbeing in adolescents: insights from a national .

Aims: Adolescence is a critical developmental phase during which young people are vulnerable to the experiences of mental ill-health and social exclusion (consisting of various domains including education and employment, housing, finances and social supports and relationships). The aims of this study were to (i) obtain an understanding of the relationships between social exclusion, mental health and wellbeing of young people; and (ii) identify potentially modifiable targets, or population groups that require greater or targeted supports.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Mission Australia 2022 , Australia's largest annual population-wide survey of young people aged 15-19 years ( = 18,800).

Anterior chain activation and high intensity gait training to improve walking in an adult with cerebral palsy: a case report.

Background And Purpose: Adults living with Cerebral Palsy (CP) who are non-ambulatory are at increased risk for falls, contractures, reduced bone density, and pain. There is limited evidence for core strength training, anterior chain activation exercises, or high intensity gait training (HIGT) to improve gait function in adults with CP. The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of anterior chain muscle activation and HIGT to improve walking in a non-ambulatory adult male with quadriplegic CP.

Interactions Between High-Intensity Light and Unrestricted Vision in the Drive for Hyperopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of optical vs. illuminance factors and their duration-dependency on lens-induced hyperopia (LIH) in chick eyes.

Methods: Hyperopia was induced in one eye in chicks (10 groups; n = 126) from day 1 after hatching until day 8 using +10-diopter lenses with fellow eyes as controls.

Associations of optic nerve head morphology and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness with myopic severity and treatment in children.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between myopic optic disc features and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in young myopic children in Singapore.

Methods: A prospective, single-site cohort study was conducted, involving children aged 7-16 years who participated in the PROM-Kids clinical cohort study from 2019 to 2022. Participants underwent annual assessments, including cycloplegic refraction, axial length measurements, fundus photography, and OCT imaging, with ocular magnification correction.

Adult Myopia Progression.

Purpose: To explore evidence for myopic shift between the ages of 20 and 50 years.

Methods: Three usable sets of data with long-term adult refractive progression were identified: (1) US population-based prevalence data for those 18 to 24 years of age in 1971 and 1972 and 45 to 54 years of age from 1999 to 2004; a logit transformation of prevalence values at different refractive error thresholds allowed estimation of myopic progression in this group. (2) German clinical data describing 5- to 10-year progression for different refractive error groupings across 5-year age bands from 20 to 49 years; these were extracted, adjusted, and analyzed.

The Effect of the Oral Contraceptive Pill on Acute Glycaemic Response to an Oral Glucose Bolus in Healthy Young Women: A Randomised Crossover Study.

The oral contraceptive pill (OCP) is widely used by women worldwide, yet the influence of the OCP on carbohydrate metabolism remains under-investigated, with existing studies being few and largely cross-sectional. The study objective was to assess, for the first time, the effect of the combined OCP on postprandial glycaemic response to an oral glucose bolus, using a randomised crossover design. The effect of a combined monophasic OCP phase on glucose homeostasis and metabolic profile was investigated in 21 healthy young women, who were regular users of either androgenic or anti-androgenic OCP formulations.

Efficacy in myopia control-The impact of rebound.

Purpose: When myopia control treatment is discontinued, progression will increase, but does it revert to expected values based on the age and race of the child or does it accelerate further? The latter scenario is considered a rebound.

Methods: A PubMed search was conducted with the words 'rebound' and 'myopia control', identifying further papers from reviews. Inclusion was limited to prospective studies with ≥6 months of treatment, ≥3 months of data following cessation and with axial length data, which allowed calculation of rebound.

Factors affecting UK anaesthetic trainees' wellbeing and stress: a scoping review.

Background: Poor wellbeing and stress in UK anaesthetic trainees impacts significantly on clinical performance, workforce retention and patient care. This study aimed to provide an overview of the evidence in this field and to explore the factors affecting wellbeing and stress in UK anaesthetic trainees.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and ERIC were searched, in addition to organisational websites.

Can we really distinguish 'responders' from 'non-responders' to myopia control interventions?

Purpose: It is common to hear talk of 'responders' and 'non-responders' with respect to myopia control interventions. We consider the reality of distinguishing these sub-groups using data from the first year of the Low-concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) study.

Methods: The first year of the LAMP study was a robustly designed, placebo-controlled trial of three different low concentrations of atropine using a large sample size (N > 100 randomised to each group).

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nurse-Led Brief Behavioral Intervention for Dyspnea in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer.

Purpose: In patients with lung cancer, dyspnea is one of the most prevalent and disabling symptoms, for which effective treatments are lacking. We examined the efficacy of a nurse-led brief behavioral intervention to improve dyspnea in patients with advanced lung cancer.

Methods: Patients with advanced lung cancer reporting at least moderate breathlessness (n = 247) were enrolled in a randomized trial of a nurse-led two-session intervention (focused on breathing techniques, postural positions, and fan therapy) versus usual care.

Important Elements of Spin-Exciton and Magnon-Exciton Coupling.

The recent discovery of spin-exciton and magnon-exciton coupling in a layered antiferromagnetic semiconductor, CrSBr, is both fundamentally intriguing and technologically significant. This discovery unveils a unique capability to optically access and manipulate spin information using excitons, opening doors to applications in quantum interconnects, quantum photonics, and opto-spintronics. Despite their remarkable potential, materials exhibiting spin-exciton and magnon-exciton coupling remain limited.

Comparison of manual and artificial intelligence-automated choroidal thickness segmentation of optical coherence tomography imaging in myopic adults.

Background: Myopia affects 1.4 billion individuals worldwide. Notably, there is increasing evidence that choroidal thickness plays an important role in myopia and risk of developing myopia-related conditions.

How prepared are newly qualified allied health professionals for practice in the UK? A systematic review.

Objectives: It is important that allied health professionals (AHPs) are prepared for clinical practice from the very start of their working lives to provide quality care for patients, for their personal well-being and for retention of the workforce. The aim of this study was to understand how well newly qualified AHPs were prepared for practice in the UK.

Design: Systematic review.

Management of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 mutated acute myeloid leukemia.

The emergence of next generation sequencing and widespread use of mutational profiling in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has broadened our understanding of the heterogeneous molecular basis of the disease. Since genetic sequencing has become a standard practice, several driver mutations have been identified. Accordingly, novel targeted therapeutic agents have been developed and are now approved for the treatment of subsets of patients that carry mutations in FLT3, IDH1, and IDH2 [1, 2].

Myopia control: Seeing beyond efficacy.

The availability of a range of effective myopia control modalities enables the clinician to exercise judgment when discussing the treatment plan with the patient and their parents. This article outlines important considerations beyond efficacy.Clinically meaningful myopia control may be attained with some spectacle lenses, select soft contact lenses, some concentrations of atropine, and overnight orthokeratology.

Health and Racial Disparities: Importance of Accurate and Reliable Ethnicity, Race, and Language Data.

Accurate demographic data are essential to identify and monitor differences, trends, and changes in diabetes-related conditions between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs). It also provides pertinent information to reduce health and racial disparities among English- and Spanish-speakers. The study's design was a quantitative cross-sectional one.

Exploring recent patterns of migration of doctors to the United Kingdom: a mixed-methods study.

Introduction: A shortage of doctors is currently one of the biggest challenges faced by the healthcare workforce in the United Kingdom (UK). While plans are in place to increase the number of medical school places, in the short-term this gap will need to continue to be filled by the international recruitment of doctors. The aim of this study is to identify key factors that explain the patterns of migration of doctors to the UK, in order to aid the development of policies to recruit and retain a sustainable workforce.

The underestimated role of myopia in uncorrectable visual impairment in the United States.

We estimate the US prevalence of uncorrectable visual impairment in 2050 accounting for the changing distribution of both age and myopia. Age projections of the US population (from an estimated total of 379 million in 2050), were taken from the US census website. The distribution of myopia, by severity, was calculated from literature-derived prevalence estimates of 58.

Juvenile-onset myopia-who to treat and how to evaluate success.

The risk of eye diseases such as myopic macular degeneration increases with the level of myopia, but there is no safe level of myopia and the burden of lower degrees of myopia remains considerable. Effective treatments are available that slow progression and thus limit the final degree of myopia. In this review, the rationale for slowing progression is summarized, and a case made for treating all myopic children.