Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Regulatory Air Quality Monitor Locations in the US.

Importance: Understanding exposure to air pollution is important to public health, and disparities in the spatial distribution of regulatory air quality monitors could lead to exposure misclassification bias.

Objective: To determine whether racial and ethnic disparities exist in Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory air quality monitor locations in the US.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This national cross-sectional study included air quality monitors in the EPA Air Quality System regulatory monitoring repository, as well as 2022 American Community Survey Census block group estimates for racial and ethnic composition and population size.

Racial and ethnic disparities in health risk from industrial surface water pollution in the United States, 2011-2021.

Industrial chemical pollution is released into surface water at a large scale annually in the United States. However, geographic variation and racial disparities in potential exposure are poorly understood at a national scale. Using county-level Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators data for 2011-2021 and American Community Survey data, this study analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of health risk from modeled water releases using a Gamma hurdle model.

Disparities and determinants of place of death: Insights from the Utah Population Database.

To better understand determinants and potential disparities in end of life, we model decedents' place of death with explanatory variables describing familial, social, and economic resources. A retrospective cohort of 204,041 decedents and their family members are drawn from the Utah Population Database family caregiving dataset. Using multinomial regression, we model place of death, categorized as at home, in a hospital, in another location, or unknown.

Balancing revenue generation with capacity generation: case distribution, financial impact and hospital capacity changes from cancelling or resuming elective surgeries in the US during COVID-19.

Background: To increase bed capacity and resources, hospitals have postponed elective surgeries, although the financial impact of this decision is unknown. We sought to report elective surgical case distribution, associated gross hospital revenue and regional hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity as elective surgical cases are cancelled and then resumed under simulated trends of COVID-19 incidence.

Methods: A retrospective, cohort analysis was performed using insurance claims from 161 million enrollees from the MarketScan database from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017.

Balancing revenue generation with capacity generation: Case distribution, financial impact and hospital capacity changes from cancelling or resuming elective surgeries in the US during COVID-19.

Background: To increase bed capacity and resources, hospitals have postponed elective surgeries, although the financial impact of this decision is unknown. We sought to report elective surgical case distribution, associated gross hospital earnings and regional hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) bed capacity as elective surgical cases are cancelled and then resumed under simulated trends of COVID-19 incidence.

Methods: A retrospective, cohort analysis was performed using insurance claims from 161 million enrollees from the MarketScan database from January 1, 2008 to December 31,2017.

Evaluating gender parity in operative experience for otolaryngology residencies in the United States.

Objectives: Gender disparity exists in medicine, such as differences in pay and promotion opportunities. We hypothesize that there is also a gender difference in graduate medical education as manifested by operative case volume. This study compares surgical case volume by gender for graduating US otolaryngology residents.