Retrospective national cohort study of pregnancy outcomes for women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Republic of Ireland.

Aim: Report the outcomes of pregnant women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and to identify modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with poor outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of pregnancy preparedness, pregnancy care and outcomes in the Republic of Ireland from 2015 to 2020 and subsequent multivariate analysis.

Results: In total 1104 pregnancies were included.

The Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Antenatal Oral Inositol Supplementation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This study investigated if inositol in a combination of -inositol and -chiro-inositol would prevent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women with a family history of diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial that examined whether inositol from the first antenatal visit prevents GDM. The trial was carried out in a single-center tertiary referral center.

Postpartum dyslipidaemia in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease which should prompt screening for other cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidaemia. Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are not routinely screened for cardiovascular risk factors.

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia postpartum in women with GDM.

Hypertension presenting early in pregnancy.

Paraganglioma in pregnancy is an exceedingly rare and potentially life-threatening diagnosis. It is important that the clinicians consider secondary causes when women present with hypertension in early pregnancy.

Heart rate variability in neonates of type 1 diabetic pregnancy.

Background: Cardiomyopathy is a common finding in offspring of pre-gestational type 1 diabetic pregnancy. Echocardiographic and biochemical evidence of fetal cardiac dysfunction have also been reported. Studies suggest that offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM) undergo a fetal programming effect due to the hyperglycaemic intrauterine milieu which increases their risk of cardiovascular morbidity in adult life.

The clinical management of hyperglycemia in pregnancy complicated by maturity-onset diabetes of the young.

Objective: Women with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) are often first identified and diagnosed with diabetes during pregnancy. Genetics and hyperglycemia play an important role in determining fetal size in MODY pregnancies. The principal objective of the current study is to determine the outcomes and clinical management of hyperglycemia in pregnancies complicated by glucokinase gene (GCK) and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1α MODY mutations.

Fasting plasma glucose as initial screening for diabetes and prediabetes in irish adults: The Diabetes Mellitus and Vascular health initiative (DMVhi).

Objective: Type 2 diabetes has a long pre clinical asymptomatic phase. Early detection may delay or arrest disease progression. The Diabetes Mellitus and Vascular health initiative (DMVhi) was initiated as a prospective longitudinal cohort study on the prevalence of undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, diabetes risk and cardiovascular risk in a cohort of Irish adults aged 45-75 years.

The role of preanalytical glycolysis in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in obese women.

Objective: The objective of this prospective observational study was to determine whether the preanalytical management of maternal plasma glucose samples had a significant effect on glucose measurements in obese pregnant women.

Study Design: Based on the accurate calculation of body mass index in the first trimester, obese women were recruited at their convenience. In 1 cohort, fasting glucose level was measured in early pregnancy; in the other cohort, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24-28 weeks' gestation.

Insulin therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes during pregnancy.

Pregnancies affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D) carry a major risk for poor fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes. Achieving normoglycemia while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia is a major goal in the management of T1D as this can greatly reduce the risk of complications. However, maintaining optimal glucose levels is challenging because insulin requirements are not uniform throughout the course of the pregnancy.

Serial fetal abdominal circumference measurements in predicting normal birth weight in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To construct a clinical management matrix using serial fetal abdominal circumference measurements (ACMs) that will predict normal birth weight in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes (GDM) and reduce unnecessary ultrasound examination in women with GDM.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of 144 women with GDM in a specialist obstetric-diabetes clinic. Women with GDM who delivered singleton infants were identified from a clinical register.

Caesarean section and macrosomia increase transient tachypnoea of the newborn in type 1 diabetes pregnancies.

We determined whether transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) is more common in macrosomic versus normal weight infants and in those delivered by caesarean section versus vaginally, in a retrospective cohort analysis of 212 type 1 diabetes pregnancies. Caesarean section and macrosomia were both associated with higher TTN rates.

Teenage pregnancy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Younger maternal age at delivery has been linked to adverse reproductive outcomes. Pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Optimising diabetic glycaemic control prior to pregnancy is known to reduce the rate of congenital abnormalities and improve pregnancy outcomes.

Effect of pregestational diabetes mellitus on fetal cardiac function and structure.

Objective: Fetuses of diabetic pregnancy experience cardiomyopathy, the intracardiac cause of which is understood poorly. The aim of this study was to assess the interrelation between cardiac functional and structural changes in fetuses of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus.

Study Design: Twenty-six mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus were recruited prospectively to have a fetal echocardiogram at 13, 20, and 36 weeks of gestation to assess cardiac function and structure.

Achieving better outcomes in pregnancies complicated by type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Pregnancy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased rate of adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus.

Objective: This article reviews the data available on achieving better outcomes in pregnancies complicated by DM.

Methods: Background materials for this article were gathered based on a PubMed search of English-language articles (up to and including August 2007) using the search terms diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, glycemic control, mortality, and morbidity.

Maternal glycemic control and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic pregnancy: a randomized trial of insulin aspart versus human insulin in 322 pregnant women.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of insulin aspart (IAsp) versus regular human insulin (HI) in basal-bolus therapy with NPH insulin in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Subjects (n = 322) who were pregnant or planning pregnancy were randomized to IAsp or HI as meal-time insulin in an open-label, parallel-group, multicenter study. Subjects had A1C < or =8% at confirmation of pregnancy.