"Implementation of intensified COVID-19 vaccination optimization (ICVOPT) campaigns strategy in complex humanitarian emergency settings and hard-to-reach areas; a case of South Sudan".

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is still a public health concern in South Sudan having caused suffering since the first case of COVID-19 was introduced on 28 February 2020. COVAX vaccines have since been introduced using a number of strategies including fixed site, temporary mobile, hit and run in flooded and conflict affected areas. We aim to describe the 2 ICVOPT campaigns that were conducted to improve the uptake and document lessons learnt during the initial rollout of the COVID-19 vaccination programin South Sudan between February 2022 and June 2022 each lasting for 7-days.

The prevalence of pre-operative anaemia and an examination of its effect on transfusion practice between sexes: A multicentre retrospective study.

Pre-operative anaemia affects one third of patients presenting for surgery and is associated with increased peri-operative morbidity and mortality. Most studies on this subject make a distinction in acceptable haemoglobin level between sexes. We analysed data for patients undergoing major elective surgery, with pre-operative anaemia defined as haemoglobin <13 g/dL.

Descriptive bibliometric analysis of global publications in lifestyle-based preventive cardiology.

Background: Lifestyle-based preventive cardiology aims to combat the global burden of cardiovascular disease. There have been rapid advances in lifestyle and behavioural interventions aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease in individuals at high risk and in the general population. This study is the first bibliometric analysis of publications in the field of lifestyle-based preventive cardiology.

Effects of probiotics on child growth: a systematic review.

Background: Child undernutrition has short and long term consequence for both individuals and society. Previous studies show probiotics may promote child growth and have an impact on under-nutrition.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out on three electronic databases to assess evidence.

Sociodemographic profile and mental health needs of referrals to an Irish psychiatric service: a transcultural perspective.

Objectives: This study describes the social, demographic and clinical characteristics of all the new referrals in a mental health catchment area. This study aims to compare Irish and non-Irish service users in terms of their mental health needs and service utilization.

Method: Case notes were reviewed retrospectively to investigate demographic, clinical and service utilization parameters among new referrals to the psychiatric services in Galway, Ireland over a six-month period.

Interns' attitudes to IV cannulation: a KAP study.

Unlabelled: One of the most common procedures for junior medical doctors is peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC). Considering this, an understanding of the peripheral intravenous cannulation procedure is paramount.

Aim: The objective of this study was to identify the level of understanding of interns regarding intravenous cannulation.

A pilot intravenous cannulation team: an Irish perspective.

Peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC) is a potentially painful and distressing procedure for patients, and is traditionally carried out by medical personnel. A university hospital in Ireland was chosen to initiate a pilot intravenous (IV) cannulation team, to ascertain whether this procedure could be performed effectively by a team of nurses. The team was introduced to support the implementation of the European working time directive (EWTD).

A survey of the management of urinary tract infection in children in primary care and comparison with the NICE guidelines.

Background: The aim of this study was to establish current practices amongst general practitioners in the West of Ireland with regard to the investigation, diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children and to evaluate these practices against recently published guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

Methods: A postal survey was performed using a questionnaire that included short clinical scenarios. All general practices in a single health region were sent a questionnaire, cover letter and SAE.

Factors influencing delivery mode for nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation during a 17-year period.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of maternal age, induction of labour, epidural analgesia and birth weight on mode of delivery in nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation at > or =36 weeks gestation, and to describe how these factors and their influence have changed over a 17-year period from 1989 to 2005.

Study Design: The study was conducted in the obstetric department of a university teaching hospital in Ireland. Of 45,647 women delivered, 14,867 were nulliparous with a singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation and undergoing labour at > or =36 weeks gestation, and were included in the study.

A postal survey of data in general practice on the prevalence of Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) in patients aged 18-65 in one county in the west of Ireland.

Background: Very little is known about the prevalence of acquired brain injury (ABI) in Ireland. ABI prevalence has previously been obtained from Belgian general practitioners using a postal survey. We attempted to ascertain the prevalence of ABI in County Mayo through a postal survey of all general practitioners in the county.

The Nigerian national blindness and visual impairment survey: Rationale, objectives and detailed methodology.

Background: Despite having the largest population in Africa, Nigeria has no accurate population based data to plan and evaluate eye care services. A national survey was undertaken to estimate the prevalence and determine the major causes of blindness and low vision. This paper presents the detailed methodology used during the survey.

Visual function and quality of life among visually impaired and cataract operated adults. The Pakistan National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey.

Purpose: To assess visual functioning and quality of life in a representative sample of normally sighted, visually impaired and cataract operated individuals aged >or= 30 years in Pakistan.

Methods: As part of the Pakistan National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey, visual functioning (VF) and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires were administered to participants with presenting visual acuity less than 6/60 in either eye, aphakes/pseudophakes and a phakic sample with normal acuity (>or= 6/12 both eyes).

Results: Of 16,507 adults included in the survey, 2329 questionnaires were administered.

Refractive errors in the adult pakistani population: the national blindness and visual impairment survey.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive error (RE) and spectacle wear and to explore the need for spectacle correction in adults (30 years or older) in Pakistan.

Methods: Multi-stage, cluster random sampling national survey. Each subject had their medical history taken, visual acuity measured, and underwent autorefraction, biometry and fundus examination.

Prevalence and causes of functional low vision and implications for services: the Pakistan National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and causes of functional low vision (FLV) and total blindness and to estimate the assessment needs for low-vision services in Pakistan.

Methods: Multistage, cluster random sampling was used to select a nationally representative sample of adults (age, > or =30 years). Participants underwent visual acuity measurement and detailed ophthalmic examination.

Lens opacities in adults in Pakistan: prevalence and risk factors.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for lens opacity (LO) amongst a nationally representative sample of the adult population of Pakistan.

Methods: This national study of blindness and visual impairment (adults > or =30 years) used multistage, stratified, cluster random sampling. Grading of LO was conducted using the Mehra/Minassian classification system.

Outcomes of cataract surgery in Pakistan: results from The Pakistan National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey.

Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of cataract surgery in Pakistan.

Methods: Cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 16 507 adults (aged >or=30 years). Each underwent interview, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (VA), autorefraction, examination of optic disc.

Prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Pakistan: the Pakistan National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in adults aged 30 years and older in Pakistan and to assess socio-demographic risk factors.

Methods: Multistage, stratified (rural/urban), cluster random sampling, with probability proportional-to-size procedures, was used to select a nationally representative, cross-sectional sample of adults 30 years of age or older. Each subject was interviewed; had visual acuity measured (logMAR; logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution); and underwent autorefraction, biometry, and fundus-optic disc examination.

A proposed rapid methodology to assess the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment.

Purpose: To determine whether a sample of the 50-year-old and above population would provide comparable information to a total population-based survey.

Methods: In 1996, a national eye survey of the total population in The Gambia was undertaken and the results concerning the prevalence and distribution of blindness and low vision have been reported. The same data set was used to analyse the prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in people aged 50 years and above, and to compare the findings with the total population.

The Pakistan national blindness and visual impairment survey--research design, eye examination methodology and results of the pilot study.

Purpose: To establish age- and sex-specific prevalence rates and causes of blindness and low vision in children aged 10 to 15 years and adults aged 30 years and older in Pakistan.

Methods: Multi-stage, stratified (rural/urban), cluster random sampling, with probability proportional-to-size procedures, was utilised to select a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of adults (16,600 subjects) and children (6,000 subjects). Each subject underwent: interview, visual acuity (logMAR), autorefraction and optic disc examination.

Rapid assessment for prioritisation of trachoma control at community level in one district of the Kaolack Region, Senegal.

The objective of this study was to use a modified Lot Quality Assurance Sampling methodology to classify communities according to prevalence of active trachoma and to estimate the prevalence of trachoma and trichiasis in Nioro department, Kaolack Region, Senegal. A survey was conducted using two-stage cluster sampling to select 50 children aged 2-5 years in each of 33 clusters. In total 1,648 children were examined for active trachoma.

Prevalence of refractive error in Bangladeshi adults: results of the National Blindness and Low Vision Survey of Bangladesh.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors and to investigate factors associated with refractive error in adults 30 years of age and older in Bangladesh.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: A nationally representative sample of 12 782 adults 30 years of age and older.

Correction of refractive error in the adult population of Bangladesh: meeting the unmet need.

Purpose: To assess the extent of uncorrected refractive error and associated factors in Bangladesh and to suggest ways in which this need can be met.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of 12,782 adults (>/= 30 years of age) was selected. Of them, 11,624 subjects underwent a demographic interview, visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) measurement, automated refraction, and optic disc examination.

The National Blindness and Low Vision Prevalence Survey of Bangladesh: research design, eye examination methodology and results of the pilot study.

PURPOSE To describe the research design and eye examination protocol of The National Blindness and Low Vision Prevalence Survey of Bangladesh and to present the main results of the rural pilot study. METHODS A thorough description of the sampling strategy, eye examination protocol and operational definitions are presented. Multi-stage stratified (rural/urban) cluster random sampling, with probability proportional-to-size procedures, will be used for selection of a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample (12,900 subjects) of the population aged > or = l30 years.