Core Competencies of an Anti-racist Physician: Elective Course for Undergraduate Medical Students.

Introduction: Medical schools seeking to correct and reform curricula towards anti-racist perspectives need to address anti-Black forms of racism specifically and teach students critical upstander skills to interrupt manifestations of racism. We developed a course to teach preclinical medical students basic anti-racism competencies including recognition and awareness of anti-Black racism in medicine and upstander skills to advocate for patients and colleagues.

Methods: In 2021 and 2022, we designed, implemented, and evaluated an elective course for second-year medical students ( = 149) to introduce competencies of anti-racism focusing on upstander skills for addressing anti-Blackness.

Medical educators' perception of race in clinical practice.

Background: While several medical societies endorse race as a social construct, it is still often used as a biological trait in medical education. How medical educators employ race while teaching is likely impacted by their beliefs as to what race represents and its relevance in clinical care. Understanding these beliefs is necessary to guide medical education curriculum reform.

Race-Based Care and Beliefs Regarding the Etiology of Racial Differences in Health Outcomes.

Introduction: Physicians' perspectives regarding the etiology of racial health differences may be associated with their use of race in clinical practice (race-based practice). This study evaluates whether attributing racial differences in health to genetics, culture, or social conditions is associated with race-based practice.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis, conducted in 2022, of the Council of Academic Family Medicine Education Research Alliance 2021 general membership survey.

The Propagation of Race and Racial Differences as Biological in Preclinical Education.

Modern scientific research has demonstrated that race is a social construct rather than a biological construct. Yet, medical education research suggests that medical faculty still sometimes characterize race and racial differences as biological during lectures. To explore this dynamic, we reviewed (1) how race is presented in the preclinical curriculum of an undergraduate medical institution and (2) how preclinical faculty both define race and attribute disparate health outcomes to race.

The Body Mass Index of San Francisco Cold-water Swimmers: Comparisons to U.S. National and Local Populations, and Pool Swimmers.

To determine if cold-water swimmers have substantial differences in BMI, which might have a protective effect against heat loss during swims in cold water without wetsuits, and to determine if obesity is more or less prevalent in cold-water swimmers, we compared the body mass index (BMI) values of 103 recreational open-water swimmers (mean age 54.3 ±10.8 years) to data from various population groups.