Colorectal Neoplasia in Asian Americans Undergoing First Time Asymptomatic Average-risk Screening Colonoscopies.

Goals: We identified the prevalence and subtype of colorectal neoplasia removed during index screening colonoscopies in a large Asian American population.

Background: Asian Americans are the fastest growing demographic group in the United States yet there is a paucity of data on the characteristics of colorectal neoplasia found in this cohort.

Study: Cross-sectional study of 2208 index colonoscopies performed on average-risk Asian and White patients at a large, tertiary academic center.

Hyperammonemia syndrome due to Ureaplasma urealyticum in a kidney transplant recipient: A case of disseminated disease from a fluoroquinolone-resistant isolate.

Ureaplasma species (spp.) are common colonizers of the urogenital tract but may cause systemic infection in immunocompromised patients. They release significant amounts of ammonia via urea hydrolysis and have been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperammonemia syndrome after organ transplantation.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.

Goals: We investigated the long-term efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI).

Background: FMT has emerged as a promising therapy for patients with rCDI unresponsive to standard medical therapy, though long-term efficacy and safety data are scarce.

Materials And Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was performed on patients treated with FMT for rCDI with ≥6 months of clinical follow-up post-FMT.

Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum, Pneumoperitoneum, and Pneumoretroperitoneum After Endoscopic Cryoablation Without Frank Perforation.

Perforation after endoscopic cryoablation is a rare but serious complication. We present a middle-aged male patient who presented for an elective session of endoscopic cryoablation for his Barrett esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. After cryoablation, the patient complained of abdominal pain, and his abdomen became distended and tympanic.

ETX2514 is a broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor for the treatment of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are a serious threat to public health. Among the most alarming resistance trends is the rapid rise in the number and diversity of β-lactamases, enzymes that inactivate β-lactams, a class of antibiotics that has been a therapeutic mainstay for decades. Although several new β-lactamase inhibitors have been approved or are in clinical trials, their spectra of activity do not address MDR pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii.

Transabdominal robotic repair of a congenital right diaphragmatic hernia containing an intrathoracic kidney: a case report.

Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia is a rare condition and is typically diagnosed prior to adulthood. Furthermore, right-sided defects are also uncommon due to the location of the liver, but can contain colon, omentum, small bowel, or rarely the kidney. Minimally invasive laparoscopic and thoracoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repairs are associated with improved outcomes when compared to open approaches-recently, robotic-assisted repairs have been performed in children with no morbidity and minimal complications.

Enantioselective Synthesis and Profiling of Two Novel Diazabicyclooctanone β-Lactamase Inhibitors.

The enantioselective synthesis of two novel cyclopropane-fused diazabicyclooctanones is reported here. Starting from butadiene monoxide, the key enone intermediate 7 was prepared in six steps. Subsequent stereoselective introduction of the cyclopropane group and further transformation led to compounds 1a and 1b as their corresponding sodium salt.

Discovery of inhibitors of 4'-phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (PPAT) to validate PPAT as a target for antibacterial therapy.

Inhibitors of 4'-phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (PPAT) were identified through high-throughput screening of the AstraZeneca compound library. One series, cycloalkyl pyrimidines, showed inhibition of PPAT isozymes from several species, with the most potent inhibition of enzymes from Gram-positive species. Mode-of-inhibition studies with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus PPAT demonstrated representatives of this series to be reversible inhibitors competitive with phosphopantetheine and uncompetitive with ATP, binding to the enzyme-ATP complex.

Discovery of bacterial NAD⁺-dependent DNA ligase inhibitors: improvements in clearance of adenosine series.

Optimization of clearance of adenosine inhibitors of bacterial NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligase is discussed. To reduce Cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolic clearance, many strategies were explored; however, most modifications resulted in compounds with reduced antibacterial activity and/or unchanged total clearance. The alkyl side chains of the 2-cycloalkoxyadenosines were fluorinated, and compounds with moderate antibacterial activity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties in rat and dog were identified.

Discovery of bacterial NAD+-dependent DNA ligase inhibitors: optimization of antibacterial activity.

Optimization of adenosine analog inhibitors of bacterial NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligase is discussed. Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus was improved by modification of the 2-position substituent on the adenine ring and 3'- and 5'-substituents on the ribose. Compounds with logD values 1.