Insulin: A connection between pancreatic β cells and the hypothalamus.

Insulin is a hormone secreted by pancreatic β cells. The concentration of glucose in circulation is proportional to the secretion of insulin by these cells. In target cells, insulin binds to its receptors and activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, inducing different mechanisms depending on the cell type.

leaf extracts decrease the proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells.

Unlabelled: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype due to its greater invasive capacity and non-response to hormone therapy. Several species of the genus have been used as an alternative to traditional medicine against malignant diseases. Previously, leaf extracts from showed antiproliferative activity in vitro against breast and cervical tumor cells without having a cytotoxic effect on non-tumor cell lines.

Cytotoxicity of Ficus Crocata Extract on Cervical Cancer Cells and Protective Effect against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in HaCaT Non-Tumor Cells.

Oxidative stress causes several chronic diseases including cancer. Some chemotherapeutic agents are not selective against tumor cells, causing oxidative stress in non-tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of acetone extract of leaves (Ace-EFc) on cervical cancer cells, as well as its protective effect on hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced lipoperoxidation and cytotoxicity in non-tumor HaCaT cells.