Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Dementia is a syndrome highly prevalent in elderly. Genetic and health factors have been reported to be associated with their onset. There is evidence that some psychosocial factors may have a differential effect by sex, beyond biological or hormonal explanations, as loneliness and social isolation(SI).

Abuse and other factors related to depression in older Ecuadorian adults.

Objective: To identify abuse and other risk factors associated with depression in older Ecuadorian adults using data from the 2012 Ecuador's Survey of Health, Welfare, and Aging (SABE).

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2012 SABE survey, which included 5235 adults aged 60 and above. The study evaluated residence, education level, ethnic self-identification, self-perceived health and memory, loneliness, cognitive status, and abuse.

Tankyrase-1 regulates RBP-mediated mRNA turnover to promote muscle fiber formation.

Poly(ADP-ribosylation) (PARylation) is a post-translational modification mediated by a subset of ADP-ribosyl transferases (ARTs). Although PARylation-inhibition based therapies are considered as an avenue to combat debilitating diseases such as cancer and myopathies, the role of this modification in physiological processes such as cell differentiation remains unclear. Here, we show that Tankyrase1 (TNKS1), a PARylating ART, plays a major role in myogenesis, a vital process known to drive muscle fiber formation and regeneration.

From molecules to behavior: Implications for perineuronal net remodeling in learning and memory.

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are condensed extracellular matrix (ECM) structures found throughout the central nervous system that regulate plasticity. They consist of a heterogeneous mix of ECM components that form lattice-like structures enwrapping the cell body and proximal dendrites of particular neurons. During development, accumulating research has shown that the closure of various critical periods of plasticity is strongly linked to experience-driven PNN formation and maturation.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the everyday cognition scale (M-ECog) in older Mexican adults with cognitive impairment.

Unlabelled: The Everyday Cognition (ECog) scale was created to evaluate the functional abilities of older adults across a wide range of abilities between normal aging and dementia. ECog screens cognitive alterations such as subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This early recognition is done by the measurement of the ability to perform the activities of daily living (ADLs).

The formation of HuR/YB1 complex is required for the stabilization of target mRNA to promote myogenesis.

mRNA stability is the mechanism by which cells protect transcripts allowing their expression to execute various functions that affect cell metabolism and fate. It is well-established that RNA binding proteins (RBPs) such as HuR use their ability to stabilize mRNA targets to modulate vital processes such as muscle fiber formation (myogenesis). However, the machinery and the mechanisms regulating mRNA stabilization are still elusive.

7.7% Prevalence of neural axis abnormalities on routine magnetic resonance imaging in patients with presumed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis scheduled for spine surgery: a consecutive single surgeon retrospective cohort of 182 patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use a Delphi analysis to identify a clinically relevant threshold for the prevalence of neural axis abnormalities (NAAs) that would warrant routine preoperative screening.

Methods: A panel of experienced physicians specializing in pediatric spine surgery, pediatric neurosurgery, and pediatric neuroradiology was formed to establish consensus using a Delphi process to identify a minimum prevalence of NAAs that would initiate the implementation of preoperative MRIs as standard of care. Following the Delphi analysis, patients scheduled for PSF (Posterior Spinal Fusion) from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively identified.

Health Sciences Interprofessional Collaborative: A Perspective on Migration, COVID-19, and the Impact on Indigenous Communities.

At the United States-Mexico border, the impacts of immigration policy are dynamic with political, humanitarian, and health outcomes. This article highlights the experiences at the Casa Alitas migrant shelter in Tucson, Arizona. Casa Alitas aims to meet the needs of the im/migrants it serves, including the unique needs of indigenous asylum-seekers from Central America.

Description of Enteropathic Escherichia coli Species in Pediatric Patients at a Quaternary Children's Hospital.

Background: The epidemiology, demographics, clinical presentations, and outcomes associated with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) pathotypes in US children are not well understood.

HuR counteracts miR-330 to promote STAT3 translation during inflammation-induced muscle wasting.

Debilitating cancer-induced muscle wasting, a syndrome known as cachexia, is lethal. Here we report a posttranscriptional pathway involving the RNA-binding protein HuR as a key player in the onset of this syndrome. Under these conditions, HuR switches its function from a promoter of muscle fiber formation to become an inducer of muscle loss.

Post-transcriptional regulation of Pabpn1 by the RNA binding protein HuR.

RNA processing is critical for proper spatial and temporal control of gene expression. The ubiquitous nuclear polyadenosine RNA binding protein, PABPN1, post-transcriptionally regulates multiple steps of gene expression. Mutations in the PABPN1 gene expanding an N-terminal alanine tract in the PABPN1 protein from 10 alanines to 11-18 alanines cause the muscle-specific disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), which affects eyelid, pharynx, and proximal limb muscles.

The AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), but not metformin, prevents inflammation-associated cachectic muscle wasting.

Activation of AMPK has been associated with pro-atrophic signaling in muscle. However, AMPK also has anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting that in cachexia, a syndrome of inflammatory-driven muscle wasting, AMPK activation could be beneficial. Here we show that the AMPK agonist AICAR suppresses IFNγ/TNFα-induced atrophy, while the mitochondrial inhibitor metformin does not.

STAT3 promotes IFNγ/TNFα-induced muscle wasting in an NF-κB-dependent and IL-6-independent manner.

Cachexia is a debilitating syndrome characterized by involuntary muscle wasting that is triggered at the late stage of many cancers. While the multifactorial nature of this syndrome and the implication of cytokines such as IL-6, IFNγ, and TNFα is well established, we still do not know how various effector pathways collaborate together to trigger muscle atrophy. Here, we show that IFNγ/TNFα promotes the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Y705 residue in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers by activating JAK kinases.

Destabilization of nucleophosmin mRNA by the HuR/KSRP complex is required for muscle fibre formation.

HuR promotes myogenesis by stabilizing the MyoD, myogenin and p21 mRNAs during the fusion of muscle cells to form myotubes. Here we show that HuR, via a novel mRNA destabilizing activity, promotes the early steps of myogenesis by reducing the expression of the cell cycle promoter nucleophosmin (NPM). Depletion of HuR stabilizes the NPM mRNA, increases NPM protein levels and inhibits myogenesis, while its overexpression elicits the opposite effects.