Effects of exercise training on bone mineral density and some health-related outcomes in HIV conditions: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains prevalent co-morbidity, and among fracture patients. Few studies have investigated the role of exercise interventions in preventing bone demineralization in people who have fractures and HIV. If exercise exposed, HIV-infected individuals may experience improved bone health outcomes (BMD), function, quality of life (QoL).

Profiling bone morphogenetic proteins and transforming growth factor-βs by hTGF-β3 pre-treated coral-derived macroporous bioreactors: the power of one.

To study the expression profile of bone morphogenetic proteins and transforming growth factor-βs (BMPs and TGFβs), coral-derived calcium carbonate-based macroporous bioreactors with limited conversion to hydroxyapatite (7% HA/CC) were pre-loaded with and without 250 μg hTGF-β3 and implanted in the rectus abdominis of 3 non-human primates Papio ursinus euthanized on day 60. To investigate the required dose of hNoggin, a BMPs antagonist that controls the induction of bone formation, 7% HA/CC were pre-loaded with 150 μg hNoggin, with 125 μg hTGF-β3/150 μg hNoggin, with or without 125 μg hTGF-β3 and implanted in the r. abdominis of 3 additional animals euthanized on day 90.

Cognitive function fifty-six years after surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy: A case study.

We report a long-term follow-up investigation of a patient who was operated in 1954 to relieve intractable temporal lobe seizures characterized by automatism and amnesia. Neuropsychological review at 16 months after surgery showed a slight residual impairment of verbal comprehension and verbal recall and good nonverbal skills. Seizure-free since the operation except for two attacks in the early postoperative years, the patient has been off medication for 25 years and has pursued a successful career as an artist.

Bilingual brain organization: a functional magnetic resonance adaptation study.

We used functional magnetic resonance adaptation (fMRA) to examine whether intra-voxel functional specificity may be present for first (L1)- and second (L2)-language processing. We examined within- and across-language adaptation for spoken words in English-French bilinguals who had acquired their L2 after the age of 4 years. Subjects listened to words presented binaurally through earphones.

The medial temporal-lobe amnesic syndrome.

This article has attempted to show how early evidence of the existence of multiple memory systems in the brain arose from the study of a few patients with bilateral damage to the medial structures of the temporal lobe in the hippocampal region, as in the case of the now famous patient HM. Such patients exhibit a profound anterograde amnesia for the experiences of daily life, whereas previously acquired knowledge is well preserved and immediate or primary memory is intact, and other cognitive abilities, including language, perception, and reasoning also are unaffected by the lesion. Despite the seemingly global nature of HM's memory loss, it was possible to show by the appropriate choice of behavioral tasks that many implicit,procedural forms of learning were preserved, and these forms are now known to be mediated by different brain systems.

Word and nonword repetition in bilingual subjects: a PET study.

Learning a specific skill during childhood may partly determine the functional organization of the adult brain. This hypothesis led us to study brain activation patterns using positron emission tomography (PET), in which we compared word and nonword repetition in 10 right-handed native English-speakers (L1) who were proficient in their second language, French (L2), which was learned after the age of 5 years. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by the H2 15O intravenous bolus method with intersubject averaging and coregistration of magnetic resonance and PET images.

What went where? Impaired object-location learning in patients with right hippocampal lesions.

The role of the right medial temporal-lobe structures in memory for object location was investigated in three studies. In the first two studies, 118 patients with selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy or with anterior temporal lobectomy (either invading or largely sparing the hippocampal region) and 33 healthy participants were tested on array learning. Groups with extensive right hippocampal lesions were impaired on immediate and delayed recall and on learning to criterion.

Effects of left inferior prefrontal stimulation on episodic memory formation: a two-stage fMRI-rTMS study.

Successful recovery of words from episodic memory relies strongly on semantic processes at the time of encoding. Evidence from several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies has shown that changes in neural activity in the left inferior prefrontal cortex (LIPFC) during semantic encoding predict subsequent memory performance. This evidence has been taken to suggest that LIPFC plays a critical role in memory formation.

Visual recognition and recall after right temporal-lobe excision in man.

A further effort was made to determine the effects of right anterior temporal lobectomy in man on visual perception and visual memory. Groups of patients with cortical resections from right or left temporal, frontal, or parietal regions were required to recognize photographs of faces within a larger array, after having been shown the faces previously. Three variations of this task were used: in the first, the interval between initial presentation and recognition test was filled with an irrelevant visual task.

Differential contributions of the parahippocampal place area and the anterior hippocampus to human memory for scenes.

Past neuroimaging research has identified a parahippocampal place area (PPA) in the posterior medial temporal lobe (MTL), which responds preferentially to visual scenes and plays a role in episodic memory for this class of stimuli. In the present positron emission tomography study, we examined to what extent the functional characteristics of the PPA resemble those of other, more anterior MTL regions across various learning and recognition-memory tasks. We also determined whether the involvement of the PPA in recognition of previously studied scenes is specific to a particular type of scene information.

Cerebral organization in a right-handed trilingual patient with right-hemisphere speech: a positron emission tomography study.

Using the method of positron emission tomography, combined with word-generation tasks, we had the opportunity to examine the cerebral representation of multiple languages in the brain in a right-handed patient, RA, with known right-hemisphere speech representation as determined by intracarotid sodium amobarbital testing. Similar patterns of cerebral blood flow were observed across all three languages (French, Spanish and English), when synonym generation was compared with a silent resting baseline. In particular, several regions in the right inferior frontal cortex were activated.

Do I know you? Face perception and memory in patients with selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy.

In 1968, Milner (Neuropsychologia 6 (1968) 191) demonstrated a face-memory impairment in patients with right, but not left, temporal-lobe excisions. Because all the removals included lateral and inferior temporal neocortex together with amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus and varying amounts of hippocampus, a combined-lesion effect could not be ruled out. We therefore examined the contribution of right temporal structures to recognition of previously unfamiliar faces by repeating Milner's original study, testing patients who had undergone selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy (AH), in addition to those with anterior temporal-lobectomy (TL).