Replication of Marek's disease vaccines in turkey embryos and their effect on TLR-3 and IFN-γ transcripts.

Understanding the pathogenesis of herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) in its natural host is necessary before recombinant HVT (rHVT) can be used efficiently in turkey flocks. The objectives of this study were to evaluate when commercial turkey flocks get infected with wild type HVT, to study replication of HVT (conventional and recombinant rHVT-Newcastle disease, rHVT-ND) and other Marek's disease (MD) vaccines (SB-1 and CVI988) in turkey embryonic tissues, and to evaluate the expression of TLR-3 and IFN-γ in the lung and spleen of one-day-old turkeys after vaccination with MD vaccines. Our results demonstrated that commercial turkeys got exposed to wild type HVT within the first days of life; therefore, there is a potential of interaction between wild type HVT and rHVT when administered at day of age.

Anchorage loss due to Herbst mechanics-preventable through miniscrews?

Aim: To assess if mandibular incisor proclination and protrusion during treatment with the Herbst/multibracket appliance can be prevented through simple screws (MIs) anchorage.

Material And Methods: After a statistical power analysis, 12 Herbst patients with MIs (100% MIs survival) ligated to the Herbst/multibracket appliance to reinforce anchorage were investigated. A control group matched for gender and skeletal maturity treated without MIs anchorage was selected.

[Surgical treatment of distal femoral fractures using extra-medullary osteosynthesis].

Forty seven fractures of the distal femur treated by internal fixation using a supracondylar compression screw or blade plate were retrospectively evaluated regarding their radiological and functional results. Blade plates were used for all types of distal femoral fractures until 1992; their indications were subsequently restricted to simple supracondylar fractures whereas a compression screw was preferred for other types of fractures. Taking into account the condition of the patients before fracture, 85% good and very good results were achieved with both techniques.

[Surgical treatment of fractures of the radius neck in children using the Métaizeau technic].

Fractures of the radial neck in children must be reduced when the angular displacement is superior to 30 degrees. Given that orthopaedic reduction is difficult, internal fixation using closed intramedullary pinning, as described by Métaizeau in 1980, seems to be an elegant solution which preserves the vascularisation of the physis. The authors report their experience with this technique, which has been used to treat fifteen patients, with a mean age of nine years, between 1983 and 1996.

[Stable elastic nailing applied to diaphyseal fractures of the forearm in children].

Elastic stable intramedullary nailing is the ideal internal fixation in children; the technique is not aggressive and the physiological periosteal consolidation is respected. This treatment is complementary to the conservative approach. The authors report their experience in 20 patients, aged 4 to 17 years.

[A rare tumor of the neck; a hydatid cyst. Pathophysiology and diagnosis of echonococcal disease (author's transl)].

A rare case of hydatid cyst located in the musculature of the neck without any other detectable site is reported. With the cycle of the taenia echinococcus as reminder several pathophysiological hypotheses which might explain the inefficacy of the hepatic and pulmonary filter are discussed. A concise revue of the recent literature concerning diagnosis and treatment of the disease is given.

[Biliary hemorrhage due to a false aneurysm of the hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries (author's transl)].

Two cases of biliary hemorrhage due to false aneurysms are presented, one on an abnormal hepatic artery, the other on the gastroduodenal artery. Half of the cases of biliary hemorrhage have an intrahepatic etiology. Extrahepatic cases are equally divided between the main biliary duct and the gallbladder.

Aneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery as a cause of hemobilia.

One case of iatrogenic aneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery with hemobilia is reported. Surgical treatment consisted of ligature and resection after arteriographic diagnosis. The literature is reviewed.

Failure to pentagastrin administration to restore postprandial acid secretion from Heidenhain pouches after antrectomy in dogs.

In four dogs with Heidenhain pouche, acid outputs from the pouch were measured in response to feeding boiled liver with or without simultaneous administration of pentagastrin. Antrectomy was performed and the experiments were repeated. Antrectomy decreased the acid response to feeding by 90 percent.

[Surgical considerations on the duration of heparin therapy in deep venous thrombosis].

The authors report their experience of the medical treatment of deep venous thrombosis. Certain surgeons have attempted venous thrombectomy at the acute stage, but many have abandoned this technique which appears perfectly sound. The authors have continued to rely on heparin treatment by intravenous injection ; the introduction 5 years ago of phlebographic methods for following the evoluton of thelesions has led the authors progressively to prolong the duration of heparin treatment.