Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in psychiatric disorders in early childhood (aged under 10 years): a systematic review.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) remains experimental for many psychiatric disorders in adults. Particularly in childhood, there is limited research on the evidence for the efficacy and mechanisms of action of tDCS on the developing brain. The objective of this review is to identify published experimental studies to examine the efficacy and mechanisms of tDCS in children with psychiatric or developmental disorders in early (prepubertal) childhood (aged under 10 years).

Correlation between Kir4.1 expression and barium-sensitive currents in rat and human glioma cell lines.

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and often become apparent through symptomatic epileptic seizures. Glial cells express the inwardly rectifying K channel Kir4.1 playing a major role in K buffering, and are presumably involved in facilitating epileptic hyperexcitability.

Stereotactically Injected Kv1.2 and CASPR2 Antisera Cause Differential Effects on CA1 Synaptic and Cellular Excitability, but Both Enhance the Vulnerability to Pro-epileptic Conditions.

Purpose: We present a case of voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibody-positive limbic encephalitis (LE) harboring autoantibodies against Kv1.2. Since the patient responded well to immunotherapy, the autoantibodies were regarded as pathogenic.

CK2 Inhibition Prior to Status Epilepticus Persistently Enhances K2 Function in CA1 Which Slows Down Disease Progression.

Purpose: Epilepsy therapy is currently based on anti-seizure drugs that do not modify the course of the disease, i.e., they are not anti-epileptogenic in nature.

In vivo treatment with the casein kinase 2 inhibitor 4,5,6,7- tetrabromotriazole augments the slow afterhyperpolarizing potential and prevents acute epileptiform activity.

Objective: The slow afterhyperpolarizing potential (sAHP) following prolonged depolarization is a major intrinsic mechanism of neuronal inhibition, by powerfully dampening excitability for up to 2 s. Therefore, an altered sAHP function might be vulnerable to hyperexcitable states such as epilepsy. Here, we have investigated the role of casein kinase 2 (CK2) on the sAHP in control and chronically epileptic tissue.

Network excitability in a model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy critically depends on SK channel-mediated AHP currents.

Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons generate an after-hyperpolarization (AHP) whose medium component is thought to be generated by small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SK channels). Neuronal excitability is increased in epilepsy, and the AHP in turn is fundamentally involved in regulation of cellular excitability. We therefore investigated the involvement of the SK channel-mediated AHP in controlling cell and network excitability in the pilocarpine model epilepsy.

[An innovative software for emergency diagnostics of injury severity at a traffic accident scene].

Aim Of The Study: With respect to the restricted diagnostic possibilities at an accident scene and the limited time for decisions essential for survival, this project dealt with severe injuries with an abbreviated injury scale (AIS) 3-6 in traffic accidents. The objective was the development of a diagnostic aid that can be used directly at the accident site.

Methods: The analysis was based on data from the GIDAS (German in depth accident study) files from the years 1999-2006.

[The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Options and problems in application].

The new AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale) was released with an update by the AAAM (Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine) in 2008. It is a universal scoring system in the field of trauma applicable in clinic and research. In engineering it is used as a classification system for vehicle safety.

Population relationships of Lapps as reflected by quantitative dermatoglyphics.

Relationships and divergence among five Lapp samples were assessed using finger and palm interdigital ridge counts. Lapp relationships to other Uralic speakers were also assessed. Multivariate minimum FST values expressing differentiation among Lapps are 0.

Directional and fluctuating asymmetry in the palmar interdigital ridge-counts.

Directional and fluctuating asymmetry of the palmar interdigital ridge-counts (c-d, b-c and a-b) was evaluated using a sample of 1186 male and 1042 female Germans. The c-d and b-c ridge-counts show higher right side values while the a-b count shows a higher left side value. Sex differences in asymmetry are significant, females exhibiting larger left values than males for all three counts.

Dermatoglyphic variation among Finno-Ugric speaking populations: methodological alternatives.

Utilization of dermatoglyphics for population studies is apparently increasing, but methods vary widely among investigators. We investigate how different types of dermatoglyphic data can affect estimates of biological distance among Finno-Ugric speaking populations. Dermatoglyphic distances were calculated using the following categories of traits: 1) Finger ridge-counts (radial and ulnar count for each digit), 2) finger ridge-counts (largest count for each digit), 3) finger pattern types, 4) palm ridge-counts, 5) palm patterns, and 6) main-line terminations.

Palm and sole interdigital ridge-count correlations.

Correlations among the twelve palm and sole interdigital ridge-counts were calculated for samples of Europeans of German, Austrian, Finnish and Polish ancestry, for Bantu speaking Black Africans from Angola and the Republic of South Africa, for Japanese and Tibetans and for Indians and Coloureds from the Republic of South Africa. Canonical correlation and factor analyses were used to discern patterning in the correlations. Generally, within palm and within sole correlations are stronger than palm-sole correlations.

Genetic and environmental variation of ridge-counts on fingers, palms, soles and toes: a twin study.

A multivariate procedure for estimating heritable components from twin data was applied to ridge counts obtained from the entire dermatoglyphic system. Covariance matrices of MZ and DZ within-pair differences were used to estimate genetic correlation matrices for 20 finger ridge counts, 6 palmar interdigital counts, 20 toe counts, 4 hallucal counts, and 6 sole interdigital counts. The proportion of genetic variation was found to be greater in ridge counts of patterns than in ridge counts of interdigital areas.

[Studies of the epidermal pattern system of the palms and soles of the howler monkeys (Alouatta) (author's transl)].

The epidermal pattern frequencies and pattern intensity values of the palms and soles are described for 110 male and 80 female howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) including the species A. belzebul, A. seniculus, A.

On palmar and plantar pattern variability of the two baboon genera Papio and Theropithecus.

In general the results of the investigators Biegert (1961) and Gladkova (1958), concerning the palm and sole skin patterns in baboons can be confirmed, and some features can serve to distinguish some of the species in a very characteristic manner. The findings of our investigations of the papillary system substantiate the proposed taxonomic classification for baboons by Buettner-Janusch in 1966. The value and significance of the inter- and intra-species differences in baboons, with regard to morphological and quantified pattern analysis, could be fully evaluated when further comparisons of the presented data are accomplished and compared with those of other primate species and families.

[Plantar zygodactylous triradii in a population comparison].

The plantar prints of 125 male Japanese were examined with regard to the frequencies of zygodactylous triradii and their expression types. Comparing the results with those of 500 males Viennese the two samples proved to be significantly different. The differences amount to such an extent that even by enlarging the Japanese sample no fundamental changes in the relations between the two populations might be expected.